Table 3.

Adjusted^* associations between exposure to classes of solvents estimated from expert consensus-based approach and selected simple, isolated congenital heart defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2002

		Any Solvent		Chlorinated Solvents		Stoddard Solvent
	N†	N‡	OR (95% CI)	N‡	OR (95% CI)	N‡	OR (95% CI)
Any congenital heart defect	2047	96	1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)	88	1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)	31	1.2 (0.7 to 1.9)
Conotruncal defects	470	24	1.3 (0.8 to 2.0)	22	1.2 (0.8 to 2.0)	7	1.1 (0.5 to 2.5)
Tetralogy of Fallot	245	12	1.1 (0.6 to 2.2)	11	1.1 (0.5 to 2.2)	2	0.6 (0.2 to 2.7)
D-Transposition of the great arteries	167	11	1.8 (0.9 to 3.4)	10	1.7 (0.9 to 3.4)	5	2.1 (0.8 to 5.5)
Anomalous pulmonary venous return	60	2	0.9 (0.2 to 3.6)	2	1.0 (0.2 to 4.1)	0	Not Estimated
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction defects	344	9	0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)	8	0.7 (0.3 to 1.4)	3	0.6 (0.2 to 2.0)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome	147	0	Not Estimated	0	Not Estimated	0	Not Estimated
Coarctation of the aorta	125	4	0.9 (0.3 to 2.6)	3	0.8 (0.2 to 2.4)	1	Not Estimated
Aortic stenosis	69	5	2.0 (0.8 to 5.2)	5	2.2 (0.9 to 5.7)	2	1.9 (0.4 to 8.3)
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction defects	302	19	1.6 (0.9 to 2.7)	17	1.6 (0.9 to 2.7)	6	1.6 (0.7 to 3.8)
Pulmonary valve stenosis	235	14	1.5 (0.9 to 2.7)	12	1.4 (0.8 to 2.7)	5	1.6 (0.6 to 4.2)
Septal defects	793	42	1.3 (0.9 to 1.9)	39	1.3 (0.9 to 2.0)	15	1.5 (0.8 to 2.7)
Ventricular septal defect - perimembranous	351	21	1.6 (1.0 to 2.6)	20	1.7 (1.0 to 2.8)	7	1.6 (0.7 to 3.7)
Ventricular septal defect - muscular	108	6	1.3 (0.5 to 3.2)	6	1.4 (0.5 to 3.5)	1	Not Estimated
Atrial septal defect - secundum or not otherwise specified	316	15	1.0 (0.6 to 1.9)	13	1.0 (0.5 to 1.8)	7	1.7 (0.7 to 3.8)

^*Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age, race-ethnicity, education, periconceptional smoking, and periconceptional intake of folic acid supplements.

^†Total number of cases

^‡Number of cases exposed to solvent