Table 2.
Patient Symptoms Reported at Baseline Assessment
| Overall | MSA-P | MSA-C | p-value*a,b,c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 175 (100) | 126 (72.0) | 49 (28.0) | - |
| Autonomic Failurei | 166 (94.9) | 118 (93.7) | 48 (98.0) | 0.5227b |
| Orthostatic Hypotensionii | 137 (78.3) | 104 (82.5) | 33 (67.4) | 0.0541a |
| Urinary Incontinence | 152 (86.9) | 112 (88.9) | 40 (81.6) | 0.2775b |
| Incomplete Bladder Emptying | 146 (83.4) | 105 (83.3) | 41 (83.7) | 1.000b |
| Constipation | 153 (87.4) | 113 (89.7) | 40 (81.6) | 0.2693b |
| Fecal Incontinence | 50 (28.6) | 36 (28.6) | 14 (28.6) | 1.000a |
| Erectile Dysfunction, Males, n=105 | 99 (94.3) | 75 (94.9) | 24 (92.3) | 0.6849b |
| Any symptom of autonomic dysfunction | 175 (100) | 126 (100) | 49 (100) | - |
| Parkinsonismiii | 159 (90.9) | 123 (97.6) | 36 (73.5) | 0.0003b |
| Bradykinesia | 160 (91.4) | 124 (98.4) | 36 (73.5) | 0.0003b |
| Rigidity | 142 (81.1) | 115 (91.3) | 27 (55.1) | 0.0003a |
| Postural Instability | 159 (90.9) | 120 (95.2) | 39 (79.6) | 0.007b |
| Resting Tremor | 59 (33.7) | 48 (38.1) | 11 (22.5) | 0.0858a |
| Postural Tremor | 98 (56.0) | 76 (60.3) | 22 (44.9) | 0.1011a |
| Unilateral Onset | 69 (39.4) | 54 (42.9) | 15 (30.6) | 0.1918a |
| Persistent Asymmetry | 62 (35.4) | 50 (39.7) | 12 (24.5) | 0.0972a |
| Any symptom of parkinsonism | 165 (94.3) | 126 (100) | 39 (79.6) | 0.0003b |
| Levodopa Treatment | 0.0003a | |||
| Yes | 124 (70.9) | 104 (82.5) | 20 (40.8) | |
| No | 51 (29.1) | 22 (17.5) | 29 (59.2) | |
| Levodopa Response, n=124 | ||||
| Beneficial Response | 64 (51.6) | 59 (56.7) | 5 (25.0) | 0.026b |
| Response Duration (years) | 3.2 (2.32) | 3.3 (2.33) | 2.6 (2.30) | 0.6082c |
| Cerebellar Dysfunctioniv | 100 (57.1) | 51 (40.5) | 49 (100) | 0.0003b |
| Gait Ataxia | 100 (57.1) | 51 (40.5) | 49 (100) | 0.0003b |
| Ataxic Dysarthria | 85 (48.6) | 40 (31.8) | 45 (91.8) | 0.0003b |
| Limb Ataxia | 93 (53.1) | 47 (37.3) | 46 (93.9) | 0.0003b |
| Sustained Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus | 41 (23.4) | 21 (16.7) | 20 (40.8) | 0.0025a |
| Any symptom of cerebellar dysfunction | 110 (62.9) | 61 (48.4) | 49 (100) | 0.0003b |
| Corticospinal Dysfunction | 93 (53.1) | 62 (49.2) | 31 (63.3) | 0.1385a |
| Babinski sign | 59 (33.7) | 40 (31.8) | 19 (38.8) | 0.459a |
| Hyper-reflexia | 70 (40.0) | 43 (34.1) | 27 (55.1) | 0.0237a |
| Concurrent Medications | ||||
| Blood pressure augmenting medication | 75 (42.9) | 58 (46.0) | 17 (34.7) | 0.475a |
| Antihypertensive medication | 31 (17.7) | 21 (16.7) | 10 (20.4) | 0.7363a |
| Antidepressant or anti-anxiety medication | 85 (48.6) | 58 (46.0) | 27 (55.1) | 0.5583a |
| Carbidopa/Levodopa | 86 (49.1) | 75 (59.5) | 11 (22.5) | 0.001a |
| Other parkinsonism medication | 52 (29.7) | 41 (32.5) | 11 (22.5) | 0.475a |
| Sleep aid or alerting medication | 39 (22.3) | 24 (19.1) | 15 (30.6) | 0.475a |
| Constipation medication | 45 (25.7) | 35 (27.8) | 10 (20.4) | 0.5583a |
| Bladder medication | 80 (45.7) | 56 (44.4) | 24 (49.0) | 0.7363a |
| Erectile dysfunction medication, N=105 | 7 (6.7) | 5 (4.0) | 2 (4.1) | 1.000b |
| Supplements | 78 (44.6) | 57 (45.2) | 21 (42.9) | 0.8622a |
Values displayed are Mean (Std. Dev) for continuous variables and Frequency (Percent) for categorical variables.
Multiple comparison adjusted p-values reported use false discovery rate approach.
Based on Chi-Square test (where all cells have 10 or more observations) with level of significance set to 0.05, p-value is asymp. sig. (2-tailed).
Based on Fisher’s Exact test (where any cell has less than 10 observations) with level of significance set to 0.05, p-value is exact sig. (2-tailed).
Based on Mann-Whitney test with level of significance set to 0.05, p-value is asymp. sig. (2-tailed).
Criterion for autonomic failure in MSA is defined as Orthostatic fall in blood pressure (by 30 mm Hg systolic or 15 mm Hg diastolic) or urinary incontinence (accompanied by erectile dysfunction in men) or both.
Orthostatic Hypotension is defined as a drop in SBP of 20 mmHg or a drop in DBP of 10 mmHg.
Criterion for parkinsonism in MSA is defined as bradykinesia plus at least one of the following: rigidity, postural instability, tremor (postural, resting or both).
Criterion for cerebellar dysfunction in MSA is defined as gait ataxia plus at least one of the following: ataxic dysarthria, limb ataxia or sustained gaze-evoked nystagmus.