Table 5. Ultrasonographic findings as predictors of clinical outcomes.
| Clinical Outcome | Predictor | Sensitivity a | Specificity a | Positive Predictive Value a | Negative Predictive Value a | Positive Likelihood Ratio | Negative Likelihood Ratio | Odds ratio (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumatocele | P1+P2 | 67.6 | 86.6 | 46 | 94.1 | 5.05 | 0.39 | 9.46 (3.49–25.61) |
| HL | 38.2 | 96.5 | 65 | 90.3 | 10.9 | 0.64 | 9.43 (2.81–31.62) | |
| P1+P2 and HL | 38.2 | 97.3 | 68.4 | 90.3 | 14.2 | 0.64 | 10.11 (2.95–34.64) | |
| Lung resection | P1+P2 | 93.8 | 84.0 | 30 | 99.5 | 5.86 | 0.07 | 40.86 (4.61–361.64) |
| P2 | 98.2 | 50 | 66.7 | 96.4 | 1.96 | 0.04 | 85.64 (9.40–780.52) | |
| HL | 50 | 94.5 | 40 | 96.3 | 9.09 | 0.53 | 8.19 (1.84–36.48) | |
| P1+P2 and HL | 50 | 95 | 42.1 | 96.3 | 10 | 0.53 | 8.28 (1.86–36.93) | |
| Hospital day >18 days | P1+P2 and moderate-to massive effusion | 36.7 | 86.8 | 28.9 | 90.4 | 2.78 | 0.73 | 3.08 (1.15–8.29) |
P1 + P2 = decreased-to-poor perfusion; P2 = poor-perfusion; HL = hypoechoic lesion
a Presenting as percentage.
* For analyzing the odds ratio for pneumatocele and surgical resection, the sex, age, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein level, pathogens, amount of effusion, and presence of coagulopathy or shock in initial presentation were adjusted. For analyzing the odds ratio for the duration of hospitalization, the sex, age, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein level, pathogens, and presence of coagulopathy or shock in initial presentation were adjusted.