Table 3. Offence types included and excluded in reported 2-year reconviction rates.
Country | Rate | Includes | Excludes | Uncertainties | Incarceration rates [7]* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | 41% | Offences resulting in fines or provincial sentences | 118 | ||
England and Wales | 59% | Fines | 148 | ||
Netherlands | 48% | Cases not yet settled and on appeal. Fines | Minor offences | 82 | |
Northern Ireland | 47% | Fines | ‘Pseudo-reconvictions’ | 101 | |
Singapore | 27% | Fines, minor offences, traffic offences | 230 | ||
USA | 36% | Jails as outcome | Jails as index disposal | Fines | 716 |
Traffic offences | |||||
Nordic countries | |||||
Denmark | 29% | Fines and misdemeanours sanctioned outside courts | 73 | ||
Finland | 36% | As above | 58 | ||
Iceland | 27% | As above | 47 | ||
Norway | 20% | As above | 72 | ||
Sweden | 43% | As above | 67 |
* per 100,000 national population Notes: Pseudo-reconvictions are convictions which occur after the date of the index conviction but which relate to offence(s) committed prior to that date.