Table 2.
Clinical predictors of global cognitive performance (g) at year 4 and of 4 year change in g adjusted for MHVS and other covariates
| Predictor | β adjusted for age and sex | 4 year cognitive change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for age, sex, baseline g | Adjusted for age, sex, baseline g, covariates | Adjusted for age, sex, baseline g, covariates, MHVS | ||
| Cholesterol | 0.08 (0.017) | 0.01 (0.823) | 0.00 (0.938) | −0.01 (0.981) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 0.02 (0.524) | 0.02 (0.630) | 0.02 (0.543) | 0.02 (0.601) |
| Historical systolic BP | 0.00 (0.992) | −0.07 (0.052) | −0.07 (0.067) | −0.07 (0.051) |
| Historical diastolic BP | 0.05 (0.149) | −0.01 (0.750) | −0.02 (0.602) | −0.03 (0.375) |
| Poor BP control | 0.01 (0.815) | −0.01 (0.810) | 0.00 (0.931) | −0.01 (0.711) |
| Hypertension | 0.01 (0.740) | 0.00 (0.968) | 0.01 (0.764) | 0.03 (0.470) |
| Pack-years | −0.15 (<0.001) | −0.15 (<0.001) | −0.14 (<0.001) | −0.12 (0.002) |
| Historical HbA1c | −0.11 (0.001) | −0.11 (0.001) | −0.10 (0.005) | −0.10 (0.004) |
| Poor glycaemic control | −0.03 (0.337) | −0.05 (0.149) | −0.05 (0.144) | −0.04 (0.264) |
| Clinic plasma glucose | 0.04 (0.296) | 0.03 (0.350) | 0.04 (0.216) | 0.04 (0.296) |
Data are shown as standardised β coefficients (p values). N = 778–823
Results are from multiple linear regression models performed separately for each risk factor. Outcome variable is g at year 4. Adjustment of year 4 scores for baseline scores represented 4 year change in cognitive performance. Pack-years are square root transformed. Clinic plasma glucose was transformed to its natural logarithm. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg and/or self-reported medication prescribed by a doctor to lower BP. Hypercholesterolaemia was defined as plasma total cholesterol ≥5 mmol/l and/or self-reported medication prescribed by a doctor to lower blood lipids level. Poor glycaemic control was defined as historical HbA1c >7% (>53 mmol/mol). Poor BP control was defined as historical systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or historical diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg. Covariates are baseline myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, stroke, angina, duration of diabetes. MHVS, Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale