Table 1.
Dietary reference intakes (adequate intakes) for total water set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM)
| Adequate intake (L/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFSA [3] | IOM [24] | |||
| Age | Total water intake | Fluid intakea | Total water intake | Fluid (beverage) intake) |
| 0–6 months | 0.68b | 0.68b | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| 6–12 months (IOM 7–12 months) | 0.80–1.00 | 0.64–0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| 1–2 years | 1.10–1.20 | 0.88–0.90 | ||
| 2–3 years | 1.30 | 1.00 | ||
| 1–3 years | 1.30 | 0.90 | ||
| 4–8 years | 1.60 | 1.20 | 1.70 | 1.20 |
| 9–13 years | ||||
| Boys | 2.10 | 1.60 | 2.40 | 1.80 |
| Girls | 1.90 | 1.50 | 2.10 | 1.60 |
| >14 years as adults | ||||
| Boys | 2.50 | 2.00 | 3.30 | 2.60 |
| Girls | 2.00 | 1.60 | 2.30 | 1.80 |
| Adults | ||||
| Men | 2.50 | 2.00 | 3.30 | 2.60 |
| Women | 2.00 | 1.60 | 2.30 | 1.80 |
| Pregnant women | +0.30 | +0.30 | 0.10 | |
| Lactation women | +0.60 to 0.70 | +1.10 | 0.90 | |
| Elderly | As adults | As adults | As adults | As adults |
a80 % of total water intake; b through milk