Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the total cohort and of consumers of each sweet beverage type: EPIC-Norfolk study (n = 24,653)
| Characteristic | Consumers onlya | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort (n = 24,653) | Soft drinks (n = 12,810) | Sweetened tea or coffee (n = 12,344) | Sweetened-milk beverages (n = 7,428) | ASB (n = 5,587) | Fruit juice (n = 11,199) | |
| Age (years) | 58.7 ± 9.3 | 58.3 ± 9.2 | 59 ± 9.2 | 59.4 ± 9.1 | 56.3 ± 8.9 | 58.3 ± 9.2 |
| Sex (% men) | 45.3 | 43.7 | 54.1 | 39.4 | 36.6 | 39.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 3.9 | 26.2 ± 3.9 | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 26.3 ± 3.9 | 27.2 ± 4.2 | 26.1 ± 3.8 |
| BMI category | ||||||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Normal weight (≥18.5 < 25 kg/m2) | 39.1 | 40.2 | 42.1 | 38.9 | 31.6 | 41.6 |
| Overweight (≥25 < 30 kg/m2) | 45.4 | 44.9 | 45.2 | 46.2 | 47.8 | 44.6 |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 15.0 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 14.5 | 20.3 | 13.3 |
| Obese class 1 (≥30 < 35 kg/m2) | 12.1 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 14.9 | 10.7 |
| Obese class 2 and 3 (≥35 kg/m2) | 2.9 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 2.6 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||
| Men | 95.8 ± 9.8 | 95.7 ± 9.8 | 95.0 ± 9.5 | 95.6 ± 9.4 | 97.3 ± 9.8 | 95.4 ± 9.5 |
| Women | 82.0 ± 10.8 | 81.7 ± 10.6 | 81.2 ± 10.2 | 82.0 ± 10.7 | 83.5 ± 11.5 | 81.3 ± 10.5 |
| Myocardial infarctionb | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
| Strokeb | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Cancerb | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
| Hypertensionb | 14.2 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 15.2 | 14.2 | 13.9 |
| Hypercholesterolaemiab | 8.2 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 8.3 |
| Family history of diabetesb | 12.9 | 13.1 | 11.9 | 13.8 | 15.6 | 13.0 |
| Smoker (current) | 11.6 | 9.9 | 14.4 | 7.7 | 8.8 | 8.0 |
| Alcohol consumption (units/week) | 3.5 (1, 10) | 4 (1.5, 10) | 3.5 (1, 9.5) | 2.5 (1, 7) | 4.0 (1.5, 10) | 4.5 (1.5, 10) |
| Physical activity index (active) | 18.1 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 19.2 | 18.4 |
| Education level (achieved university degree or equivalent) | 13.0 | 13.3 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 17.4 |
| Social class (professional/managerial) | 43.6 | 44.4 | 40.4 | 39.5 | 44.4 | 50.9 |
| Dietary intake | ||||||
| Total energy (kJ/day) | 8,159 ± 2,125 | 8,389 ± 2,071 | 8,632 ± 2,113 | 8,213 ± 2,063 | 7,899 ± 2,046 | 8,263 ± 2,025 |
| Fibre (non-starch polysaccharide) (g/day) | 14.2 (11.3, 17.9) | 14.2 (11.3, 17.7) | 13.9 (11.0, 17.4) | 14.3 (11.4, 17.9) | 14.7 (11.7, 18.3) | 14.8 (11.9, 18.4) |
| Fruit (g/day) | 149 (76, 239) | 152 (83, 239) | 132 (64, 215) | 153 (86, 238) | 167 (93, 261) | 167 (98, 255) |
| Vegetable (g/day) | 140 (99, 190) | 141 (102, 190) | 134 (96, 182) | 138 (99, 184) | 146 (104, 195) | 148 (109, 198) |
| Fish (g/day) | 22 (8, 39) | 23 (11, 40) | 22 (9, 39) | 23 (11, 40) | 22 (9, 40) | 24 (11, 41) |
| Unprocessed red meat (g/day) | 29 (12, 50) | 30 (13, 49) | 32 (15, 52) | 28 (12, 47) | 29 (12, 48) | 29 (11, 48) |
| Processed meat (g/day) | 18 (7, 32) | 19 (9, 32) | 20 (9, 33) | 18 (8, 31) | 18 (8, 32) | 18 (7, 30) |
Data are mean ± SD, % or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated
aConsumer groups are not mutually exclusive
bSelf-reported at baseline