ISG15 is induced more prominently in infected cells in response to avian-origin IAV. A549 cells were infected with the indicated viruses at increasing MOIs. At 24 hpi, cells were stained for ISG15 and NP and analyzed via FACS. Percentages of double-positive cells (A) or ISG15-positive noninfected cells (B) are represented by bars. Proportions of the respective cell populations were compared in groups containing 15 to 25%, 45 to 55%, and 75 to 85% infected cells in total, shown as increasing MOIs. (A) Comparison of the proportions of infected cells expressing ISG15 upon infection with Pan/99 (black bars), NewC/99 (dark gray bars), mallard/Ger (medium gray bars), and Anhui/2013 (light gray bars). Data are means + SEM (n ≥ 3). *, P < 0.05 (Mann-Whitney U test). (B) Comparison of the proportions of ISG15-expressing noninfected cells after infection with Pan/99 (black bars), NewC/99 (dark gray bars), mallard/Ger (medium gray bars), and Anhui/2013 (light gray bars). Data are means + SEM (n = 4). *, P < 0.05 (Mann-Whitney U test).