Table 1.

Promising public health tools to facilitate clinical preventive services

Tool name	Intended user/audience	Description/format	Type of evidence-base	Implementation information
Increase knowledge, use and coverage of recommended clinical preventive services
1. Electronic preventive services selector (ePSS)	Clinicians (physicians and nursing staff)	This tool is a PDA mobile-device application and a web-based tool designed to help identify preventive services that are appropriate for patients. The ePSS helps clinicians search the current USPSTF recommendations by patient characteristics including age, sex, and selected behavioral risk factors	Parallel evidence—similar public health approaches	Available from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality at http://epss.ahrq.gov/PDA/index.jsp
2. A purchaser’s guide to clinical preventive services: moving science into coverage	Health insurers	This tool is a portable, electronic, searchable compilation of recommended clinical preventive services that insurers, their network of providers, and beneficiaries can refer to when selecting or implementing coverages for services that are highly effective	Theory evidence—rational and diffusion of innovation models which propose increasing knowledge to prompt better informed decision-making behaviors	Available from the National Business Group on Health at http://www.businessgrouphealth.org/benefitstopics/topics/purchasers/fullguide.pdf
3. Making preventive health care work for you—a resource guide for people with physical disabilities	People with disabilities and their providers	This tool is a portable electronic, searchable interactive document that contains checklists for assessing chronic disease risk factors and recommended clinical preventive services as well as a section for planning and recording services received	Theory evidence—health belief and activated health education models which propose engaging individuals to assess their health and plan positive actions. (User-feedback is solicited with this tool)	Available from the Center for Disability Issues and the Health Professions at http://www.cdihp.org/pdf/PreventiveHealthCare.pdf
Identify service gaps and monitoring progress
4. Disability and health data system (DHDS)	State or community health professionals, clinicians and the general public	This tool is a portable, electronic, searchable interactive database that allows the user to select variables of interest from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The DHDS provides recent state-level estimates for the receipt of eight clinical preventive services among women with disabilities	Parallel evidence—similar public health approaches, i.e., using data to inform public health actions	Available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at http://dhds.cdc.gov
Create accessible communities
5. Community action guide (CAG)	Community-based organizations	This tool is a portable, electronic, searchable interactive document that outlines interactive steps organizations can take to assemble community members, collect data, identify barriers, map local resources, and develop a plan of action and solutions at the individual, environmental and organizational levels	Theory evidence—ecological models of community engagement to create partnerships with advocates and community representatives to promote positive community change	Available from the Oregon Institute on Development and Disability at http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centers-institutes/institute-on-development-and-disability/public-health-programs/upload/Community-Action-Guide.pdf
6. ADA checklist for readily achievable barrier removal	Administrators and building planners, community-based organizations	This tool is a portable, electronic, searchable, interactive document that helps identify barriers and low-cost actions needed to remove them	Observational evidence—This checklist has been implemented in the field [56]	Available from the Institute for Human Centered Design and ADA National Network at http://www.adachecklist.org/doc/fullchecklist/ada-checklist.pdf
7. Project ACTION national hotline 1-800-659-6428	Transportation providers. People with disabilities may also call	This tool is a live interactive telephone resource that provides technical assistance, training information, publications, and related sources to help community organizations with developing local accessible transportation. In addition, the hotline offers people with disabilities a printed ride-finding resource entitled, How to Find a Ride, available in Braille and audio	Observational evidence -This hotline has been operational for many years and provides support across the United States	Available from Easter Seals toll free at 1-800-659-6428
Empower clinicians and women with disabilities to interact effectively
8. Access to medical care	Community health organizations and health care centers that offer continuing education and training to student and professional clinicians, advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) and other public health practitioners	The Access to Medical Care, 2-part videos series with accompanying materials, teaches student and professional clinicians key concepts that are important to understand before interacting with people with physical and developmental disabilities related to barriers to care, accommodations, and effective communication and examination techniques	Parallel evidence—similar public health strategies to improve knowledge and behavior	Available from the World Institute on Disability at http://wid.org/news/new-training-video-and-curriculum-for-medical-providers-access-to-medical-care-adults-with-physical-disabilities/?searchterm=DVD
9. Women be healthy	Health educators during workshops or trainings with women with disabilities	This tool is an 8-week, 5-module training curriculum workbook. The curriculum enables women with intellectual disabilities to proactively become familiar with medical settings and participate in their own clinical preventive services, particularly breast and cervical cancer screenings	Observational evidence—Curriculum participants gained significant improvements in health knowledge, behaviors, beliefs and coping strategies [57]	Available from the North Carolina Office on Disability and Health at http://projects.fpg.unc.edu/~ncodh/WomensHealth/week2.cfm