Table 1.
Characteristics of the Trial Participants at Baseline, According to Study Group.*
| Characteristic | CTA Strategy (N = 4996) | Functional-Testing Strategy (N = 5007) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age — yr | 60.7±8.3 | 60.9±8.3 |
| Female sex — no. (%) | 2595 (51.9) | 2675 (53.4) |
| Racial or ethnic minority group — no./total no. (%)† | 1166/4968 (23.5) | 1082/4973 (21.8) |
| Cardiac risk factor | ||
| Mean body-mass index‡ | 30.5±6.1 | 30.5±6.1 |
| Hypertension — no. (%) | 3247 (65.0) | 3254 (65.0) |
| Diabetes — no. (%) | 1065 (21.3) | 1079 (21.5) |
| Dyslipidemia — no./total no. (%) | 3365/4995 (67.4) | 3402/5007 (67.9) |
| Family history of premature CAD — no./total no. (%)§ | 1624/4979 (32.6) | 1578/4991 (31.6) |
| Peripheral arterial or cerebrovascular disease — no. (%) | 263 (5.3) | 289 (5.8) |
| CAD risk equivalent — no. (%)¶ | 1246 (24.9) | 1285 (25.7) |
| Metabolic syndrome — no. (%)|| | 1867 (37.4) | 1905 (38.0) |
| Current or past tobacco use — no./total no. (%) | 2533/4994 (50.7) | 2571/5006 (51.4) |
| Sedentary lifestyle — no./total no. (%)** | 2429/4985 (48.7) | 2437/4997 (48.8) |
| History of depression — no. (%) | 978 (19.6) | 1080 (21.6) |
| Risk burden†† | ||
| No risk factors — no. (%) | 126 (2.5) | 137 (2.7) |
| Mean no. of risk factors per patient | 2.4±1.1 | 2.4±1.1 |
| Mean combined Diamond and Forrester and Coronary Artery Surgery Study risk score‡‡ | 53.4±21.4 | 53.2±21.4 |
| Relevant medication — no./total no. (%) | ||
| Beta-blocker | 1205/4783 (25.2) | 1194/4786 (24.9) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 2089/4783 (43.7) | 2105/4786 (44.0) |
| Statin | 2215/4783 (46.3) | 2174/4786 (45.4) |
| Aspirin | 2164/4783 (45.2) | 2116/4786 (44.2) |
| Primary presenting symptom — no./total no. (%) | ||
| Chest pain | 3673/4992 (73.6) | 3599/5004 (71.9) |
| Dyspnea on exertion | 712/4992 (14.3) | 778/5004 (15.5) |
| Other§§ | 607/4992 (12.2) | 627/5004 (12.5) |
| Type of angina — no. (%)¶¶ | ||
| Typical | 590 (11.8) | 576 (11.5) |
| Atypical | 3873 (77.5) | 3900 (77.9) |
| Nonanginal pain | 533 (10.7) | 531 (10.6) |
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. There were no significant between-group differences at baseline, except with respect to racial or ethnic minority group and history of depression. ACE denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, CAD coronary artery disease, and CTA computed tomographic angiography.
Racial or ethnic minority group was self-reported, with the status of “minority” being defined by the patient.
Body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
A family history of premature CAD was defined as diagnosis of the disease in a male first-degree relative before 55 years of age or in a female first-degree relative before 65 years of age.
CAD risk equivalent was defined as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease.
The metabolic syndrome was defined according to consensus criteria of the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.23
Sedentary lifestyle was defined by the patient as not participating in regular physical activities at least one time per week over the previous month.
Risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, family history of premature CAD, and tobacco use.
Combined Diamond and Forrester and Coronary Artery Surgery Study risk scores2 range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a greater likelihood of obstructive CAD.
Other primary symptoms were (in descending order of frequency) fatigue or weakness, arm or shoulder pain, palpitations, dizziness or light-headedness, and neck or jaw pain.
The type of angina was reported by the study-site investigators.