Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Risk of bias
| Baker, 198915 | Weale, 199612 | Downing, 200116 | Witzleb, 200917 | Teratani, 201018 | Ji, 201219 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random sequence generation | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊖ | ⊖ | ⊖ |
| Blinding of participants | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ |
| Blinding of outcome assessment | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊖ | ⊖ | ⊕ | ⊖ |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | ⊕ | ⊖ | ⊕ | ⊛ | ⊖ | ⊛ |
| Selective reporting | ⊕ | ⊖ | ⊖ | ⊖ | ⊖ | ⊖ |
⊕ = high risk of bias; ⊖ = low risk of bias; ⊛ = unclear risk of bias
