Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of preoperative predictors of early recurrence-related mortality in 149 patients submitted to liver resection for huge (≥10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma
| Early mortality | Univariate analysis P-value | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 21 | No n = 101 | P-value | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Preoperative factors | |||||
| Patient factors | |||||
| Male gender, n (%) | 16 (76.2%) | 79 (78.2%) | 0.839 | ||
| CCI weight-index ≥3, mean ± SD | 0.31 ± 0.70 | 0.24 ± 0.43 | 0.599 | ||
| CCI age-adjusted ≥3, mean ± SD | 1.94 ± 1.40 | 1.96 ± 1.25 | 0.944 | ||
| Portal vein embolization | 1 (4.8%) | 6 (5.9%) | 0.833 | ||
| Aetiology of liver disease, n (%) | |||||
| HBV infection | 5 (23.8%) | 24 (23.8%) | 0.451 | ||
| HCV infection | 3 (14.3%) | 4 (4%) | |||
| Alcohol | 1 (4.8%) | 8 (7.9%) | |||
| Metabolic syndrome | 0 | 5 (5%) | |||
| Haemochromatosis | 0 | 1 (1%) | |||
| Normal liver | 12 (57.1%) | 59 (58.4%) | |||
| Preoperative blood tests | |||||
| Total bilirubin <34 μmol/l, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0.647 | ||
| Platelet count <150 000/ml, n (%) | 2 (9.5%) | 9 (8.9%) | 0.929 | ||
| AST, IU/l, mean ± SD | 88 ± 72 | 69 ± 82 | 0.33 | ||
| ALT, IU/l, mean ± SD | 59 ± 77 | 51 ± 61 | 0.594 | ||
| α-fetoprotein, ng/ml, mean ± SD | 70 027 ± 154 598 | 18 338 ± 76 446 | 0.025 | 0.192 | |
| Tumour factors | |||||
| Maximum tumour size, mm, mean ± SD | 153.6 ± 50.5 | 140.8 ± 37.1 | 0.181 | ||
| Multiple tumours, n (%) | 7 (33.3%) | 17 (16.8%) | 0.084 | 0.159 | |
| Macroscopic vascular invasion, n (%) | 12 (57.1%) | 16 (15.8%) | <0.0001 | 0.0005 | 6.5 (2.3–18.6) |
| Tumour number, mean ± SD | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 3.2 | 0.828 | ||
| Status of underlying liver parenchyma, n (%) | |||||
| Normal | 6 (28.6%) | 35 (34.7%) | 0.876 | ||
| Chronic hepatitis or fibrosis | 4 (19%) | 54 (53.5%) | |||
| Cirrhotic liver | 11 (52.4%) | 12 (11.9%) | |||
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation.