Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Abnormal cardiac perfusion on nuclear perfusion imaging |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal cardiac perfusion (N = 295) |
All defects (N = 101) |
Vs normal p value |
Ischemia (N = 66) |
Vs normal p value |
Infarction (N = 35) |
Vs normal p value |
|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (years) | 54.2 ± 10.6 | 58.7 ± 10.7 | <0.001 | 59.3 ± 9.8 | 0.008 | 57.2 ± 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg·m−2) |
29.3 ± 6.1 | 30.2 ± 7.1 | 0.78 | 30.9 ± 7.4 | 0.69 | 28.6 ± 5.9 | 0.76 |
| Female | 165 (56%) | 49 (49%) | 0.038 | 30 (48%) | 0.22 | 19 (54%) | 0.31 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
132 ± 17 | 139 ± 20 | 0.008 | 140 ± 18 | 0.035 | 138 ± 17 | 0.029 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
77 ± 12 | 78 ± 13 | 0.71 | 77 ± 15 | 0.66 | 78 ± 12 | 0.23 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) |
61 ± 10 | 57 ± 13 | <0.001 | 58 ± 12 | 0.07 | 54 ± 16 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 223 (66%) | 47 (82%) | 0.06 | 33 (83%) | 0.75 | 14 (82%) | 0.29 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80 (24%) | 21 (37%) | 0.07 | 11 (28%) | 0.19 | 10 (59%) | 0.005 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 119 (35%) | 24 (42%) | 0.07 | 16 (40%) | 0.79 | 8 (47%) | 0.14 |
| Smoking history | 59 (18%) | 11 (19%) | 0.87 | 8 (20%) | 0.78 | 3 (18%) | 0.91 |
| Framingham Risk Score (%) |
6 ± 6 | 10 ± 7 | 0.007 | 9 ± 7 | 0.11 | 10 ± 5 | 0.14 |
| Aspirin | 73 (22%) | 14 (25%) | 0.16 | 12 (30%) | 0.17 | 2 (12%) | 0.49 |
| Statins | 74 (22%) | 14 (25%) | 0.5 | 10 (25%) | 0.73 | 4 (24%) | 0.41 |
| Insulin | 22 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 0.72 | 3 (8%) | 0.82 | 0 (0%) | 0.32 |
| Oral antidiabetic agents |
18 (5%) | 3 (5%) | 0.94 | 3 (8%) | 0.5 | 0 (0%) | 0.37 |
| Diuretics | 49 (15%) | 11 (19%) | 0.32 | 8 (20%) | 0.22 | 3 (18%) | 0.46 |
| ACE inhibitors | 33 (10%) | 8 (14%) | 0.24 | 7 (18%) | 0.12 | 1 (6%) | 0.76 |
| β-blockers | 58 (17%) | 11 (19%) | 0.54 | 8 (20%) | 0.66 | 3 (18%) | 0.6 |
| Calcium channel blockers |
43 (13%) | 9 (16%) | 0.39 | 7 (18%) | 0.38 | 2 (12%) | 0.81 |
| Laboratory characteristics | |||||||
| Creatinine (mmol·dL−1) |
1.65 ± 1.95 | 1.6 ± 1.74 | 0.15 | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 0.06 | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 0.007 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg·dL−1) |
21.0 ± 15.1 | 24.3 ± 14.8 | 0.17 | 22 ± 14 | 0.16 | 23 ± 17 | 0.79 |
| Total cholesterol (mg·dL−1) |
183 ± 50 | 171 ± 46 | 0.1 | 173 ± 47 | 0.19 | 181 ± 56 | 0.27 |
| High density lipoprotein (mg·dL−1) |
46 ± 17 | 45 ± 12 | 0.59 | 48 ± 12 | 0.63 | 45 ± 12 | 0.76 |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg·dL−1) |
112 ± 44 | 95 ± 34 | 0.068 | 97 ± 32 | 0.002 | 116 ± 39 | 0.17 |
| Triglycerides (mg·dL−1) |
142 ± 86 | 130 ± 114 | 0.74 | 141 ± 126 | 0.41 | 112 ± 47 | 0.046 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U·L−1) |
22 ± 17 | 23 ± 23 | 0.52 | 22 ± 28 | 0.8 | 24 ± 30 | 0.44 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U·L−1) |
25 ± 17 | 25 ± 23 | 0.54 | 23 ± 16 | 0.56 | 29 ± 40 | 0.26 |
| Total bilirubin (mg·dL−1) |
1.3 ± 8 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.036 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.026 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.13 |
| Albumin (g·dL−1) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.29 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 0.69 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 0.55 |
| Fasting glucose (mg·dL−1) |
115 ± 53 | 111 ± 48 | 0.49 | 111 ± 46 | 0.76 | 118 ± 73 | 0.21 |