Table 3. Means and standard deviations for four mathematics achievement groups on measures of mathematical metacognition, mathematics anxiety and word problem solving.
| MLD (n = 18) | LA (n = 29) | TA (n = 151) | TA sub-sample (n = 30) | HA (n = 19) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Self-Image | 3.21 (0.79) | 3.54 (0.80) | 3.69 (0.87) | 3.76 (0.84) | 3.98 (0.81) |
| Self-Regulation | 3.25 (0.76) | 3.52 (0.79) | 3.66 (0.85) | 3.84 (0.72) | 4.03 (0.85) |
| Strategies | 3.50 (0.82) | 3.57 (0.88) | 3.66 (0.82) | 3.84 (0.71) | 3.94 (0.89) |
| Motivation | 3.75 (0.94) | 3.59 (1.01) | 3.86 (0.86) | 4.07 (0.64) | 4.09 (1.04) |
| LMA | 1.97 (0.53) | 1.66 (0.39) | 1.57 (0.44) | 1.55 (0.42) | 1.54 (0.51) |
| MEA | 2.21 (0.56) | 2.23 (0.72) | 2.06 (0.62) | 2.16 (0.74) | 2.03 (0.64) |
| WPS | 4.28 (2.14) | 6.83 (1.89) | 6.01 (2.29) | 5.97 (3.11) | 6.47 (2.39) |
Note. LMA = learning mathematics anxiety, MEA = mathematical evaluation anxiety. WPS = word problem solving. MLD = mathematical learning difficulty, LA = low achieving, TA = typical achieving, HA = high achieving. Self-Image, Self-Regulation, Strategies, and Motivation were four dimensions of the mathematical metacognition. Mean comparisons of all the statistics above between these two TA groups were similar; F values ranged from 0.01 to 1.56, and the probability values ranged from .21 to .92.