Table 2.

Comparison of the CO₂-fixation rates of autotrophic and heterotrophic CO₂-fixing microbes

	Species	CO2-fixation rate (mg L−1 h−1)	Biomass concentration (g DCW L−1)	Specific CO2-fixation ratea (mg g DCW−1 h−1)	CO2 concentration (%)	Culture condition	References
Autotrophic microbes
Microalgae	Chlorella pyrenoidosa SJTU-2	10.8	1.5	7.3	10	1 L flask with 800 mL WV	[52]
	Dunaliella tertiolecta SAD-13.86	11.0	2.1	5.2	10	11 Lfermentor with 8 L WV	[53]
	Botryococcus braunii SAG-30.81	21.0	3.1	6.8	10	11 L fermentor with 8 L WV	[53]
	Scenedesmus obliquus SJTU-3	12.1	1.8	6.6	10	1 L flask with 800 mL WV	[52]
	Scenedesmus sp. NIER-10060	25.5	2.7	9.4	15	Photobioreactor	[54]
	Chlorella vulgaris LEB-104	10.5	1.9	5.4	10	11 L fermentor with 8 L WV	[53]
	Chlorella Vulgaris NIER-10003	19.2	1.9	10.2	15	Photobioreactor	[54]
	Chlorella vulgaris	53.0	5.7	9.3	5	Photobioreactorc	[55]
Cyanobacteria	Spirulina sp.	17.0a	4.8	3.5	6	2 L vertical tubular photobioreactor with 1.8 L WV	[56]
	Microcystis aeruginosa NIER-10037	20.4	2.3	8.8	15	Photobioreactor	[54]
	Microcystis ichthyoblabe NIER-10040	21.7	2.2	9.8	15	Photobioreactor	[54]
	Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047	60.4	2.7	22.4	0.03b	Glass bubble column photobioreactor	[57]
	Aphanothece microscopica	109.0	5.1	21.4	15	Glass bubble column photobioreactor	[58]
Non-green algae	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	147.0	6.2	23.7	40	Photobioreactor	[59]
Heterotrophic microbes
Bacteria	E. coli JB	5.8	6.1c	0.95	0.03	3 L fermentor with 1 L WV	[19]
	E. coli BL21(DE3)/PET-RBC-PRK	13.3	0.82	16.2	5	1 L flask with 200 mL WV	This study
	E. coli BL21(DE3)/PET-RBC-PRK-CA	19.6	0.87	22.5	5	1 L flask with 200 mL WV	This study

DCW dry cell weight, WV working volume

^aCalculated by the CO₂-fixation rate in the unit of mg L⁻¹ h⁻¹ divided by the biomass concentration in the unit of g DCW L⁻¹

^bCalculated by multiplying the reported OD₆₀₀ (17.63) by our experimentally determined dry cell weight of E. coli (0.35 g L⁻¹ OD₆₀₀ ⁻¹)

^cSequential photobioreactor using recycle water