Table 3.
Baseline clinical characteristics of participants
| Parameters | Patients (N = 233) | Patients with htTKV (N = 189) | Patients without htTKV (N = 44) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 43.3 ± 9.7 | 43.8 ± 9.3 | 41.2 ± 11.3 | 0.198 |
| Female | 126 (54.1 %) | 99 (52.4 %) | 27 (61.4 %) | 0.316 |
| Age at diagnosis (yr) | 34.7 ± 9.2 | 35.2 ± 9.2 | 32.2 ± 8.9 | 0.114 |
| Hypertension | 217 (93.1 %) | 147 (77.8 %) | 29 (65.9 %) | 0.119 |
| Duration of hypertension (yr) | 8.6 ± 6.0 | 8.6 ± 5.9 | 8.6 ± 6.6 | 0.67 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.8 ± 13.5 | 130.0 ± 13.8 | 129.0 ± 12.6 | 0.404 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.0 ± 9.9 | 80.5 ± 10.0 | 78.1 ± 9.4 | 0.049 |
| Number of BP medication | 1 (Min. 0, Max. 7) | 1 (Min. 0, Max. 7) | 1 (Min. 0, Max. 4) | 0.686 |
| ARB or ACEi medication (%) | 153 (65.7 %) | 122 (64.6 %) | 30 (68.2 %) | 0.825 |
| HtTKV (mL/m) | - | 705 (Min 119, Max. 3436) | - | - |
| Time gap between enrollment and CT volumetry (mo) | - | 4.7 ± 4.0 | - | - |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 1.6 | 13.3 ± 1.3 | 0.592 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.003 |
| CKD-EPI eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.5 ± 27.1 | 77.9 ± 27.1 | 91.7 ± 24.9 | 0.002 |
| Random urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 21.0 (9.0–64.5) | 23.0 (11.0–66.5) | 15.0 (6.0–43.0) | 0.076 |
| PRA (ng/mL/hr) | 3.6 (1.4–8.2) | 3.9 (1.4–9.0) | 3.0 (0.9–5.3) | 0.067 |
| Plasma aldosterone (ng/dL) | 15.8 (11.7–21.6) | 14.9 (11.4–21.1) | 18.3 (12.3–23.7) | 0.232 |
| Urinary AGT/Cr (μg/g) | 13.7 (7.5–35.1) | 14.9 (7.8–36.0) | 13.1 (6.2–30.8) | 0.289 |
| Urinary NAG/Cr (IU/g) | 3.9 (2.7–5.9) | 4.0 (2.9–5.9) | 3.5 (2.3–6.1) | 0.206 |
| Urinary β2MG/Cr (μg/g) | 310.6 (214.3–560.0) | 305.8 (215.9–552.9) | 329.1 (206.3–654.6) | 0.871 |
Data are expressed as numbers (percentages), mean ± SD, or median (Interquartile range). HtTKV was measured in 189 patients with available height and CT volumetry. ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, AGT angiotensinogen, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, β2MG β2-microglobulin, BP blood pressure, CKD-EPI eGFR chronic kidney disease epidemiology estimated glomerular filtration rate, HtTKV height-adjusted total kidney volume, PRA plasma renin activity, NAG N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Urinary concentrations of biomarkers were log-transformed to fulfill the requirement of normal distribution of residuals