Table 3.
Significant risk factors of having diarrhoea
| Diarrhoea# | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | None N = 180 |
% | Yes N = 60 |
% | p-value^ | Crude OR |
p-value | 95 % CI Range | Adjusted OR+ |
p-value | 95 % CI Range | ||
| Median Age | 43 | 36 | 0.0188 | 0.98 | 0.0204 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.4421 | 0.97 | 1.01 | ||
| (Interquartile Range) | (33–55) | (29–45.25) | |||||||||||
| Marital Status | |||||||||||||
| Married | 145 | 80.6 | 39 | 65.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Single | 35 | 19.4 | 21 | 35.0 | 0.0211 | 2.23 | 0.0150 | 1.16 | 4.25 | 2.29 | 0.0154 | 1.16 | 4.48 |
| Ethnic Group | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 117 | 65.0 | 42 | 70.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Malay | 19 | 10.6 | 11 | 18.3 | 1.61 | 0.2544 | 0.69 | 3.63 | 1.53 | 0.3276 | 0.64 | 3.58 | |
| Indian | 29 | 16.1 | 3 | 5.0 | 0.29 | 0.0492 | 0.07 | 0.87 | 0.31 | 0.0727 | 0.07 | 0.98 | |
| Others | 15 | 8.3 | 4 | 6.7 | 0.0711 | 0.74 | 0.6149 | 0.20 | 2.18 | 0.69 | 0.5509 | 0.18 | 2.15 |
| Flu # | |||||||||||||
| No | 137 | 76.1 | 30 | 50.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 43 | 23.9 | 30 | 50.0 | 0.0003 | 3.19 | 0.0002 | 1.73 | 5.90 | 3.24 | 0.0002 | 1.74 | 6.06 |
| Q4H | |||||||||||||
| None | 20 | 11.1 | 12 | 20.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Water only | 62 | 34.4 | 12 | 20.0 | 0.32 | 0.0190 | 0.12 | 0.83 | 0.30 | 0.0194 | 0.11 | 0.82 | |
| Water and Soap | 98 | 54.4 | 36 | 60.0 | 0.0495 | 0.61 | 0.2359 | 0.27 | 1.41 | 0.56 | 0.1917 | 0.24 | 1.36 |
| Q4I | |||||||||||||
| None | 12 | 6.7 | 14 | 23.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Water only | 57 | 31.7 | 10 | 16.7 | 0.15 | 0.0003 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.0008 | 0.05 | 0.45 | |
| Water and Soap | 111 | 61.7 | 36 | 60.0 | 0.0009 | 0.28 | 0.0034 | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.29 | 0.0077 | 0.12 | 0.72 |
| Q4M | |||||||||||||
| <30 sec | 89 | 49.4 | 40 | 66.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 30 sec – 60 sec | 63 | 35.0 | 12 | 20.0 | 0.42 | 0.0197 | 0.20 | 0.85 | 0.44 | 0.0302 | 0.20 | 0.90 | |
| >60 sec | 28 | 15.6 | 8 | 13.3 | 0.0543 | 0.64 | 0.3074 | 0.25 | 1.46 | 0.81 | 0.6472 | 0.31 | 1.95 |
| Q16 | |||||||||||||
| No | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Yes | 180 | 100.0 | 56 | 93.3 | 0.0036 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 0.00 | 6487.54 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 0.00 | 2979.95 |
| Q20* | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 106 | 58.9 | 45 | 75.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 1 | 74 | 41.1 | 15 | 25.0 | 0.0305 | 0.48 | 0.0271 | 0.24 | 0.90 | 0.52 | 0.0606 | 0.26 | 1.01 |
| Q21* | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 99 | 55.0 | 41 | 68.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 1 | 54 | 30.0 | 16 | 26.7 | 0.72 | 0.3245 | 0.36 | 1.37 | 0.69 | 0.2974 | 0.33 | 1.37 | |
| 2 | 27 | 15.0 | 3 | 5.0 | 0.0682 | 0.27 | 0.0387 | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.26 | 0.0393 | 0.06 | 0.82 |
| Q23 | |||||||||||||
| Visit a GP | 95 | 52.8 | 23 | 38.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Self-medicate | 61 | 33.9 | 28 | 46.7 | 1.90 | 0.0496 | 1.00 | 3.62 | 2.07 | 0.0346 | 1.06 | 4.12 | |
| Visit Hospital | 6 | 3.3 | 1 | 1.7 | 0.69 | 0.7354 | 0.04 | 4.31 | 0.45 | 0.4796 | 0.02 | 3.03 | |
| Visit Polyclinic | 18 | 10.0 | 8 | 13.3 | 0.1836 | 1.84 | 0.2098 | 0.68 | 4.65 | 1.81 | 0.2570 | 0.63 | 4.94 |
CI = Confidence interval, OR = Odds ratio
^- Fisher Exact’s Test
*Each variable in these questions were given a score. Question 20 follows the same scoring as the previous question. Question 21: a score of 1 was given for each method of giving feedback
+ Age, marital status and having flu over the last 6 months were used to calculate the adjusted OR in the multivariate logistic regression model
# Participants who self-reported having at least one episode of diarrhoea or flu, respectively, in the past six months