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. 2015 May 25;5(12):2433–2444. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1530

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hypothetical depiction of three modes of recovery in aquatic systems. Gradual recovery refers to assemblage structure response that returns to predisturbance levels over a long period of time. A restructured mode refers to the change in assemblage structure to a novel state. Finally, the hangover effect refers to the short-term, time-lagged response for which an assemblage rapidly returns to predisturbance conditions.