Figure 1.

Maps and variogram soil and land use characteristics observed at the scale of the Fénay Landscape. Map of (A) soil organic carbon content, (B) soil pH, (C) CaCO₃, (D) sand content, (E) clay content, and (F) land management clusters. Points indicate the sampling locations. Min., minimum; mech., mechanical; conv., conventional. For each kriged map the color scale to the left of each map indicates the extrapolated values expressed as g.kg⁻¹ of sample excepted for pH. Points represent the experimental variogram, continuous lines the Matérn models fitted by maximum likelihood method. Geostatistics and cross-validation parameters are provided in Table S2.