Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics by frailty category
| Variable | Non-frail (n = 134) | Frail (n = 110) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 85.4 [79.4, 89.5] | 87.1 [82.7, 90.3] | 0.11 |
| Male gender | 74 (55%) | 52 (47%) | 0.22 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8 [22.2, 29.6] | 24.8 [21.9, 28.3] | 0.46 |
| Transfemoral TAVR | 62 (46%) | 57 (52%) | 0.39 |
| STS Score | 10.5 [8.8, 12.4] | 11.3 [9.6, 13.8] | 0.07 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 43 (32%) | 28 (26%) | 0.26 |
| Hypertension | 122 (91%) | 95 (86%) | 0.25 |
| Angina pectoris | 33 (25%) | 18 (16%) | 0.11 |
| Heart failure | 132 (99%) | 110 (100%) | 0.50 |
| NYHA Class IV | 36 (27%) | 32 (29%) | 0.70 |
| CAD | 114 (85%) | 91 (83%) | 0.62 |
| Previous PCI | 76 (57%) | 45 (41%) | 0.01 |
| Previous coronary bypass | 70 (52%) | 47 (43%) | 0.14 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 39 (33%) | 26 (26%) | 0.30 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 55 (41%) | 46 (42%) | 0.89 |
| Previous BAV | 33 (25%) | 35 (32%) | 0.21 |
| Permanent pacemaker | 30 (22%) | 27 (25%) | 0.69 |
| Renal disease | 19 (14%) | 15 (14%) | 0.90 |
| Liver disease | 3 (2%) | 9 (8%) | 0.03 |
| COPD | 57 (43%) | 46 (42%) | 0.91 |
| AV mean gradient (mm Hg) | 40.9 [36.5, 53.9] | 45.2 [34.9, 59.7] | 0.26 |
| AV area (cm2) | 0.63 [0.50, 0.83] | 0.62 [0.51, 0.72] | 0.20 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55 [45, 60] | 55 [35, 60] | 0.11 |
| Moderate or severe MR | 9 (7%) | 21 (20%) | 0.004 |
| 6-Minute Walk Test | |||
| Could Not Perform | 23 (17%) | 38 (35%) | 0.002 |
| Total Distance Walked (m)* | 192 [122, 297] | 146 [77, 238] | 0.01 |
*
Excluding those who could not perform
AV = aortic valve; BAV = balloon aortic valvuloplasty; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EOA = effective orifice area; NYHA = New York Heart Association; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; STS = Society of Thoracic Surgery; TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement; MR = mitral regurgitation.