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. 2015 Jun 7;2015:858251. doi: 10.1155/2015/858251

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Copyright © 2015 Annie J. Xu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant bipolar depressed patients maintained on therapeutic-dose lithium and valproate. Twenty-three subjects with treatment-resistant bipolar disorder (BD) receiving lithium (a) and 13 receiving valproate (b) currently experiencing a major depressive episode were randomized to either subanesthetic dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg × 40 min) or placebo infusion in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Ketamine had antidepressant efficacy in both lithium-maintained and valproate-maintained patients (drug-by-mood stabilizer interaction (F _1,125 = 8.26, p = 0.005)) but there was no statistically significant antidepressant difference between lithium and valproate (F _1,28 = 2.51, p = 0.12, and d = 0.60).