Table 1.
Summary of cases with DFO retinopathy in the literature.
| Author, year | Patients with DFO retinopathy | DFO administration |
DFO duration | Retinal findings (patients) |
Elettrophysiology findings (patients) |
Visual field findings (patients) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Davies et al., 1983 [11] | 2 | IV | — | — | ERG: abnormal | — |
| Arden et al., 1984 [14] | 18 | SC | 4 to 5 years | RPE hyperpigmentation | EOG: subnormal (12); ERG: reduced cone function (7); PERG: reduced responses (18) | Visual field constriction |
| Lakhanpal et al., 1984 [12] | 7 | IV | — | Macular and peripheral RPE mottling | — | — |
| Blake et al., 1985 [15] | 3 | IV | 5 to 12 days | Pigmentary retinopathy and macular RPE mottling | EOG: abnormal; ERG: subnormal | — |
| Rahi et al., 1986 [16] | 1 | IM and then SC and then IV | 24 years | — | ERG: subnormal; EOG: abnormal | Visual field constriction and central scotoma |
| Olivieri et al., 1986 [9] | 5 | SC | — | Macular RPE mottling | — | — |
| Bene et al., 1989 [13] | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ravelli et al., 1990 [17] | 5 | IV | 5 months | Macular RPE mottling (4) | EOG: abnormal | Central scotoma (1) |
| Cohen et al., 1990 [10] | 2 | — | — | Macular RPE mottling (1) | — | — |
| Mehta et al., 1994 [18] | 1 | SC | — | — | — | — |
| Haimovici et al., 2002 [6] | 16 | SC (5) and IV then SC (2), IV (1), IP (1), and NK (7) | 1 month to 10 years | RPE opacification (5) and RPE mottling (14) | ERG: reduced cone and rod function; EOG: abnormal | — |
| Bansal et al., 2003 [19] | 1 | — | 26 years | Bull's eye maculopathy | — | — |
| Kertes et al., 2004 [23] | 1 | SC | 18 months | Macular RPE mottling | Multifocal ERG: reduced responses | — |
| Arora et al., 2004 [20] | 1 | IV | 3 years | Macular RPE mottling | ERG: normal rods responses, reduced cone responses | — |
| Hidajat et al., 2004 [22] | 1 | SC | 2 years | Macular RPE mottling | EOG: flat or subnormal | — |
| Gonzales et al., 2004 [21] | 2 | SC (1) and IV (1) | 11 months (SC); 3 years (IV) | RPE mottling (1) and vitelliform lesion (1) | ERG: reduced cone responses; EOG normal (1) | — |
| Lai et al., 2006 [24] | 1 | SC and then IV | 14 years (SC); 4 months (IV) | Macular and peripheral RPE mottling | ERG: reduced cone and rod responses; EOG: abnormal | — |
| Lu et al., 2007 [25] | 1 | SC | 36 years | Pigmentary retinopathy | ERG: reduced rod responses | Central, paracentral scotoma |
| Baath et al., 2008 [26] | 1 | SC | 1 to 17 years | Macular RPE mottling | ERG: reduced rod responses | — |
| Genead et al., 2010 [27] | 1 | IM and then SC | 20 years | Vitelliform lesion and RPE mottling | ERG: normal cone and rode function | Central scotoma |
| Simon et al., 2012 [28] | 1 | SC and then IV | 23 years (SC); 10 weeks (IV) | Macular RPE mottling | ERG: reduced cone and rod responses; EOG: abnormal | Visual field constriction |
| Viola et al., 2012 [29] | 18 | SC | 10 to 55 years | Pattern dystrophy-like changes (8) and minimal RPE mottling (10) | — | — |
| Wu et al., 2014 [30] | 1 | SC and then IV | 20 years (SC); 42 days (IV) | Macular and peripheral RPE mottling | — | — |
DFO: deferoxamine; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; IV: intravenous; SC: subcutaneous; IP: intraperitoneal; IM: intramuscular; NK: unknown; ERG: electroretinogram; EOG: electrooculogram.