Table 3b.
Self-perceived confidence of hospital pharmacists in planning and conducting research (n = 120).
| Research confidence domain | Frequency (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely confident | Very confident | Moderately confident | Not very confident | Not confident at all | |
| Conception of research idea⁎ | 17 (14.4) | 42 (35.6) | 45 (38.1) | 9 (6.7) | 5 (4.2) |
| Searching the literature efficiently | 16 (13.3) | 44 (36.7) | 46 (38.3) | 10 (8.3) | 4 (3.3) |
| Critically reviewing research literature | 7 (5.8) | 38 (31.7) | 59 (49.2) | 11 (9.2) | 5 (4.2) |
| Formulating research hypotheses and research questions | 13 (10.8) | 36 (30) | 47 (39.2) | 17 (14.2) | 7 (5.8) |
| Proposing appropriate study designs or methods | 8 (6.7) | 38 (31.7) | 48 (40) | 19 (15.8) | 7 (5.8) |
| Writing research proposal or developing a protocol¥ | 11 (9.2) | 33 (27.7) | 44 (37) | 24 (20.2) | 7 (5.9) |
| Defining target population, sample and eligibility criteria | 9 (7.5) | 42 (35) | 46 (38.3) | 19 (15.8) | 4 (3.3) |
| Determine appropriate sample size | 8 (6.7) | 40 (33.3) | 44 (36.7) | 20 (16.7) | 8 (6.7) |
| Choosing an appropriate sampling technique (e.g. random sampling) | 10 (8.3) | 35 (29.2) | 51 (42.5) | 16 (13.3) | 8 (6.7) |
| Determining outcome measures (variables to measure) | 10 (8.3) | 37 (30.8) | 46 (38.3) | 22 (18.3) | 5 (4.2) |
| Ethical considerations | 14 (11.7) | 32 (26.7) | 44 (36.7) | 25 (20.8) | 5 (4.2) |
| Outlining detailed statistical plans to be used in data analyses | 5 (4.2) | 38 (31.7) | 46 (38.3) | 21 (17.5) | 10 (8.3) |
| Designing a data collection form | 12 (10) | 43 (35.8) | 40 (33.3) | 19 (15.8) | 6 (5) |
| Developing and validating a study instrument (e.g. questionnaire) | 10 (8.3) | 35 (29.2) | 47 (39.2) | 23 (19.2) | 5 (4.2) |
| Collecting relevant data using preplanned data collection forms | 15 (12.5) | 44 (36.7) | 44 (36.7) | 11 (9.2) | 6 (5) |
| Managing and storing data including data entry into a database | 11 (9.2) | 42 (35) | 43 (35.8) | 16 (13.3) | 8 (6.7) |
| Statistical analyses using software (e.g. STATA, SPSS, EpiInfo) | 6 (5) | 29 (24.2) | 51 (42.5) | 20 (16.7) | 14 (11.7) |
| Choosing and applying appropriate “INFERENTIAL” statistical tests and methods¥ | 8 (6.7) | 29 (24.2) | 49 (40.8) | 24 (20) | 9 (6.7) |
| Summarizing data in tables or charts¥ | 20 (16.8) | 34 (28.6) | 42 (35.3) | 17 (14.3) | 6 (5) |
| Interpretation of the findings and determining the significance of obtained results | 17 (14.2) | 34 (28.3) | 43 (35.8) | 19 (15.8) | 7 (5.8) |
| Preparing a presentation (oral or poster) | 19 (15.8) | 43 (35.8) | 37 (30.8) | 12 (10) | 9 (7.5) |
| Writing a manuscript for publication in a scientific journal | 11 (9.2) | 35 (29.2) | 41 (34.2) | 21 (17.5) | 12 (10) |
¥
One missing data.
⁎
Two missing data.