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. 2015 Jun 22;5:11407. doi: 10.1038/srep11407

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(a) Distal site comparison. Despite their highly conserved proximal sites, the distal site of HGbI (pink) differs considerably from those of the open (yellow) and closed (blue) forms of N-HGbRL. A forward shift of a helical turn in N-HGbRL’s helice E results in the lengthening of loop CE. (b) Arg30–Trp100 interlocking pair. The interlocking pair causes N-HGbRL’s helix B to move outwards and backwards by half a helical turn, subsequently dragging helix A backwards by about a helical turn which is coupled to the shift in helix E. The similar region in HGbI interacts with the second subunit (transparent). (c) Straightening of loop EF. Strategic residue replacements in N-HGbRL straighten the region corresponding to HGbI’s loop EF, and reduce clashes between the antiparallel pair of the fused helices EF in the dimer.