Table 1.

Roster of Studies Included in the Review

Country in which Data Was Collected	References	Sampling Frame	n	Remarks
Adolescents and Young Adults
Region-wide	Godeau et al.16	Cross-national, cross-sectional school probability sample	33,943	Age: 15. Only data from Central and Eastern European region was used.
Croatia	Stulhofer et al.17, Bozicević et al.18	National, multi-stage stratified probability household sample	1,093	Age: 18–24.
Poland	Woynarowska et al.19	Cross-sectional school representative sample	2,893	Age: 16–18.
Poland	Woynarowska et al.20	Cross-sectional school representative sample	2,152	Age: 15–16. Subset of data collected in 2002.
Russia	Shorokhov et al.21	1st and 2nd grade university student convenience sample	100	Age: not specified.
Russia	Amirkhanian et al.22	Cross-sectional school representative sample		Age: 15–17.
Hungary	Gyarmathy et al.23	Cross-sectional school representative sample	3,486	Age: not specified, secondary school students.
Russia	Bobrova et al.24	Random telephone sample	1,203	Age: 15–29.
Slovenia	Pinter et al.25	Cross-sectional school representative sample	1,095	Age: 16–18.
Hungary, Russia	Takacs et al.26	time-location sampling to access “seeds” and their egocentric networks	66/	Age: 19–21. In-depth interviews. Sample includes 12 egocentric networks.
Croatia	Hirsl-Hećej & Stulhofer27	Cross-sectional school representative sample	4,000	Age: 15–19.
Slovenia	Pinter & Tomori28	National, cross-sectional school representative sample	4,706	Age: 15–19.
Georgia	Goodwin et al.29	Three-stage stratified probability sample	2,880	Age: 14–17.
Bulgaria, Hungary	Kelly et al.30	In-depth interviews, time-location representative sample	42	Age: 18–42. Study was conducted in Roma community.
Kazakhstan	Hansson et al.31	Cross-sectional school and university representative sample	600	Age: not specified, subsample medians varied from 17 to 20.
Ukraine	Busza et al.32	Cross-sectional targeted and time-space convenience sample	805	Age: 10–19. Study was conducted among street adolescents.
Russia	Kissin et al.33	Cross-sectional targeted and time-space representative sample	313	Age: 15–19. Study was conducted among street adolescents.
Injection Drug Users
Russia	Niccolai et al.34	Respondent-driven sample	631	Sample includes both IDUs and non-injection drug users.
Estonia	Wilson et al.35	Time-location cross-sectional sample	266
Russia	Abdala et al.36	Convenience sample	159
Russia	Gyarmathy et al.37	Combined time-location and chain-referral sample	661	IDU dyads.
Russia	Somlai et al.38	Time-location representative sample	446
Uzbekistan	Todd et al.39	Cross-sectional sample	701
Ukraine	Booth et al.40	Time-location representative sample	900
Czech Republic	Bruchkova et al.41	Time-location cross-sectional representative sample	462	IDU subset only.
Czech Republic	Mikl et al.42	Time-location cross-sectional representative sample	599
Bulgaria	Vassilev et al.43	Cross-sectional targeted and time-location sample	773
Female Commercial Sex Workers
Estonia	Uusküla et al.44	Combined time-location and respondent-driven sample
Latvia	Kurova et al.45	Cross-sectional street and club sample	107	In-depth interviews and lab STI/HIV tests.
Serbia	Ilić et al.46	Cross-sectional street and club sample	191
Lithuania	Chaplinskas & Mårdh47	Cross-sectional street and club sample	73
Russia	Benotsch et al.48	Data subset of Somlai et al [31] study	100	Subset includes IDUs engaged in commercial sex.
Armenia	Markosyan et al.49	Convenience sample, 3 cities	98
Turkmenistan	Chariyeva et al.50	Cross-sectional street and club sample	8
Uzbekistan	Todd et al.51	Combined, cross-sectional time-location and snowball convenience sample	448
Men Who Have Sex with Men
Russia	Amirkhanian et al.54	Time-location representative sample	434
Hungary	Csepe et al.55	Time-location representative sample	469
Russia, Hungary	Amirkhanian et al.56	Time-location sampling to access “seeds” and their sociocentric networks	156	Sample includes 4 sociocentric networks.
Estonia	Tripathi et al.57	Cross-sectional convenience sample	79
Slovakia	Staneková et al.58	Time-location sample	119
Slovenia	Klavs et al.59	Venue-based convenience samples	Range: 68–124	2001–2008 sentinel surveillance study.
Croatia	Štulhofer et al.60	Snowball	342	HIV-negative MSM only.
Russia	Kelly et al.61	Data subset of Amirkhanian et al [47] study	96	Subset includes MSM engaged in commercial sex.
Russia	Kelly et al.62	Data subset of Amirkhanian et al [47] study	126	Subset includes MSM with female sex partners.
Croatia	Kolarić et al.63	Combined venue and internet-based convenience sample	1,127
Prisoners
Hungary	Gyarmathy et al.65	Convenience sample	632
Slovakia	Staneková et al.66	Convenience sample derived from HIV discussion group participants	75
Labor Migrants
Croatia	Stulhofer et al.67	Time-location representative sample	566	Participants were recruited at medical examination clinics.
Russia	Amirkhanian et al.68	Time-location representative sample	499	Participants were recruited at medical examination clinics.
Roma (Gypsies)
Bulgaria	Kabakchieva et al.69	Time-location sampling to access “seeds” and their egocentric networks	296	Males only.
Bulgaria	Kabakchieva et al.70	Time-location representative sample	324	Males only.
Bulgaria	Kelly et al.30	Time-location representative sample	42	In-depth interviews.
People Living with HIV
Croatia	Zekan et al.71	Time-location representative sample	185
Russia	Amirkhanian et al.72	Time-location representative sample	470
Russia	Amirkhanian et al.73	Time-location representative sample	492
Russia	Grau et al.74	Respondent-driven sample	157	HIV-positive IDUs only.