Table 1.
Country in which Data Was Collected |
References | Sampling Frame | n | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adolescents and Young Adults | ||||
Region-wide | Godeau et al.16 | Cross-national, cross-sectional school probability sample | 33,943 | Age: 15. Only data from Central and Eastern European region was used. |
Croatia | Stulhofer et al.17, Bozicević et al.18 | National, multi-stage stratified probability household sample | 1,093 | Age: 18–24. |
Poland | Woynarowska et al.19 | Cross-sectional school representative sample | 2,893 | Age: 16–18. |
Poland | Woynarowska et al.20 | Cross-sectional school representative sample | 2,152 | Age: 15–16. Subset of data collected in 2002. |
Russia | Shorokhov et al.21 | 1st and 2nd grade university student convenience sample | 100 | Age: not specified. |
Russia | Amirkhanian et al.22 | Cross-sectional school representative sample | Age: 15–17. | |
Hungary | Gyarmathy et al.23 | Cross-sectional school representative sample | 3,486 | Age: not specified, secondary school students. |
Russia | Bobrova et al.24 | Random telephone sample | 1,203 | Age: 15–29. |
Slovenia | Pinter et al.25 | Cross-sectional school representative sample | 1,095 | Age: 16–18. |
Hungary, Russia | Takacs et al.26 | time-location sampling to access “seeds” and their egocentric networks | 66/ | Age: 19–21. In-depth interviews. Sample includes 12 egocentric networks. |
Croatia | Hirsl-Hećej & Stulhofer27 | Cross-sectional school representative sample | 4,000 | Age: 15–19. |
Slovenia | Pinter & Tomori28 | National, cross-sectional school representative sample | 4,706 | Age: 15–19. |
Georgia | Goodwin et al.29 | Three-stage stratified probability sample | 2,880 | Age: 14–17. |
Bulgaria, Hungary | Kelly et al.30 | In-depth interviews, time-location representative sample | 42 | Age: 18–42. Study was conducted in Roma community. |
Kazakhstan | Hansson et al.31 | Cross-sectional school and university representative sample | 600 | Age: not specified, subsample medians varied from 17 to 20. |
Ukraine | Busza et al.32 | Cross-sectional targeted and time-space convenience sample | 805 | Age: 10–19. Study was conducted among street adolescents. |
Russia | Kissin et al.33 | Cross-sectional targeted and time-space representative sample | 313 | Age: 15–19. Study was conducted among street adolescents. |
Injection Drug Users | ||||
Russia | Niccolai et al.34 | Respondent-driven sample | 631 | Sample includes both IDUs and non-injection drug users. |
Estonia | Wilson et al.35 | Time-location cross-sectional sample | 266 | |
Russia | Abdala et al.36 | Convenience sample | 159 | |
Russia | Gyarmathy et al.37 | Combined time-location and chain-referral sample | 661 | IDU dyads. |
Russia | Somlai et al.38 | Time-location representative sample | 446 | |
Uzbekistan | Todd et al.39 | Cross-sectional sample | 701 | |
Ukraine | Booth et al.40 | Time-location representative sample | 900 | |
Czech Republic | Bruchkova et al.41 | Time-location cross-sectional representative sample | 462 | IDU subset only. |
Czech Republic | Mikl et al.42 | Time-location cross-sectional representative sample | 599 | |
Bulgaria | Vassilev et al.43 | Cross-sectional targeted and time-location sample | 773 | |
Female Commercial Sex Workers | ||||
Estonia | Uusküla et al.44 | Combined time-location and respondent-driven sample | ||
Latvia | Kurova et al.45 | Cross-sectional street and club sample | 107 | In-depth interviews and lab STI/HIV tests. |
Serbia | Ilić et al.46 | Cross-sectional street and club sample | 191 | |
Lithuania | Chaplinskas & Mårdh47 | Cross-sectional street and club sample | 73 | |
Russia | Benotsch et al.48 | Data subset of Somlai et al [31] study | 100 | Subset includes IDUs engaged in commercial sex. |
Armenia | Markosyan et al.49 | Convenience sample, 3 cities | 98 | |
Turkmenistan | Chariyeva et al.50 | Cross-sectional street and club sample | 8 | |
Uzbekistan | Todd et al.51 | Combined, cross-sectional time-location and snowball convenience sample | 448 | |
Men Who Have Sex with Men | ||||
Russia | Amirkhanian et al.54 | Time-location representative sample | 434 | |
Hungary | Csepe et al.55 | Time-location representative sample | 469 | |
Russia, Hungary | Amirkhanian et al.56 | Time-location sampling to access “seeds” and their sociocentric networks | 156 | Sample includes 4 sociocentric networks. |
Estonia | Tripathi et al.57 | Cross-sectional convenience sample | 79 | |
Slovakia | Staneková et al.58 | Time-location sample | 119 | |
Slovenia | Klavs et al.59 | Venue-based convenience samples | Range: 68–124 | 2001–2008 sentinel surveillance study. |
Croatia | Štulhofer et al.60 | Snowball | 342 | HIV-negative MSM only. |
Russia | Kelly et al.61 | Data subset of Amirkhanian et al [47] study | 96 | Subset includes MSM engaged in commercial sex. |
Russia | Kelly et al.62 | Data subset of Amirkhanian et al [47] study | 126 | Subset includes MSM with female sex partners. |
Croatia | Kolarić et al.63 | Combined venue and internet-based convenience sample | 1,127 | |
Prisoners | ||||
Hungary | Gyarmathy et al.65 | Convenience sample | 632 | |
Slovakia | Staneková et al.66 | Convenience sample derived from HIV discussion group participants | 75 | |
Labor Migrants | ||||
Croatia | Stulhofer et al.67 | Time-location representative sample | 566 | Participants were recruited at medical examination clinics. |
Russia | Amirkhanian et al.68 | Time-location representative sample | 499 | Participants were recruited at medical examination clinics. |
Roma (Gypsies) | ||||
Bulgaria | Kabakchieva et al.69 | Time-location sampling to access “seeds” and their egocentric networks | 296 | Males only. |
Bulgaria | Kabakchieva et al.70 | Time-location representative sample | 324 | Males only. |
Bulgaria | Kelly et al.30 | Time-location representative sample | 42 | In-depth interviews. |
People Living with HIV | ||||
Croatia | Zekan et al.71 | Time-location representative sample | 185 | |
Russia | Amirkhanian et al.72 | Time-location representative sample | 470 | |
Russia | Amirkhanian et al.73 | Time-location representative sample | 492 | |
Russia | Grau et al.74 | Respondent-driven sample | 157 | HIV-positive IDUs only. |