Table 3.
Lower extremity malalignment and related characteristics in univariate analysis
| Characteristics | Limb length
|
Pelvic tilt angle
|
Femoral antetorsion
|
Q angle
|
Tibiofemoral angle
|
Genu recurvatum
|
Tibial torsion
|
Foot pronation
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.48 (0.77–2.84) | 1.66 (0.93–2.94) | 0.44 (0.24–0.79)* | 2.59 (1.44–4.64)* | 2.09 (1.16–3.77)* | 8.61 (1.97–37.68)* | 1.14 (0.6–2.17) | 0.89 (0.51–1.54) |
| BMI | ||||||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 1.09 (0.55–2.16) | 9.31 (4.9–17.48)* | 1.63 (0.88–3.03) | 1.91 (1.08–3.39)* | 1.99 (1.11–3.57)* | 1.39 (0.56–3.48) | 1.81 (0.94–3.51) | 1.56 (0.87–2.81) |
| Age | 1.05 (1.01–1.1)* | 1.04 (1.01–1.08)* | 1.09 (1.04–1.13)* | 1.03 (1–1.07) | 1.03 (1–1.07) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.04 (1–1.08) | 1.05 (1.01–1.1)* |
| Daily work hours | 1.03 (0.79–1.34) | 0.89 (0.7–1.36) | 1.07 (0.83–1.36) | 1.24 (0.99–1.56) | 1.28 (1.01–1.62)* | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 0.85 (0.65–1.12) | 1.07 (0.85–1.34) |
| Years of experience | 1.03 (1–1.07) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.07 (1.03–1.11)* | 1.05 (1.01–1.08)* | 1.05 (1.02–1.08)* | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1 (0.97–1.04) | 1.06 (1.03–1.1)* |
Note:
*
Significant at P<0.2 level was included into the model of logistic regression.
Abbreviations: Q angle, quadriceps angle; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.