Table 2.
Comparison of Upper Airway Caliber between Individuals with OSAS, Obese Control Subjects, and Lean Control Subjects in All Participants
| Domain | Variable | Adjusted Mean ± SE* |
P Value† | Pairwise Comparisons‡ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSAS | Obese Controls | Lean Controls | OSAS vs. Obese Controls | OSAS vs. Lean Controls | Obese vs. Lean Controls | |||
| Nasopharyngeal§ | Volume, mm3 | 2,352 ± 248 | 3,557 ± 275 | 4,190 ± 233 | 2.0 × 10−6 | 0.0014 | 4.4 × 10−7 | 0.0897 |
| Cross-sectional area, mm2 | 472.5 ± 47.3 | 761.6 ± 52.4 | 750.7 ± 44.4 | 1.8 × 10−5 | 7.0 × 10−5 | 4.2 × 10−5 | 0.8773 | |
| Minimum area, mm2 | 79.2 ± 8.4 | 109.8 ± 9.3 | 104.4 ± 7.9 | 0.0282 | 0.0156 | 0.0327 | 0.6626 | |
| Retropalatal║ | Volume, mm3 | 2,879 ± 212 | 2,535 ± 238 | 2,957 ± 202 | 0.3897 | — | — | — |
| Cross-sectional area, mm2 | 370.5 ± 30.1 | 358.7 ± 33.7 | 420.4 ± 28.6 | 0.3290 | — | — | — | |
| Minimum area, mm2 | 62.7 ± 8.1 | 60.5 ± 9.1 | 86.6 ± 7.7 | 0.0508 | — | — | — | |
| Minimum AP dimension, mm | 8.07 ± 0.50 | 7.46 ± 0.55 | 7.38 ± 0.47 | 0.5597 | — | — | — | |
| Minimum lateral dimension, mm | 10.31 ± 0.68 | 10.34 ± 0.75 | 14.50 ± 0.64 | 1.2 × 10−5 | 0.9730 | 2.0 × 10−5 | 7.2 × 10−5 | |
| Retroglossal¶ | Volume, mm3 | 5,584 ± 344 | 4,776 ± 386 | 4,807 ± 327 | 0.1778 | — | — | — |
| Cross-sectional area, mm2 | 646.2 ± 43.6 | 570.6 ± 48.9 | 578.3 ± 41.5 | 0.4120 | — | — | — | |
| Minimum area, mm2 | 119.4 ± 9.1 | 100.9 ± 10.3 | 110.4 ± 8.7 | 0.3986 | — | — | — | |
| Minimum AP dimension, mm | 13.30 ± 0.68 | 10.50 ± 0.75 | 9.55 ± 0.64 | 0.0004 | 0.0063 | 0.0001 | 0.3503 | |
| Minimum lateral dimension, mm | 14.08 ± 0.95 | 13.03 ± 1.05 | 16.08 ± 0.90 | 0.0887 | — | — | — | |
| Airway length** | Airway length, mm | 59.5 ± 1.1 | 57.5 ± 1.2 | 55.5 ± 1.0 | 0.0289 | 0.2120 | 0.0079 | 0.2059 |
| Airway length/height, mm/cm | 0.361 ± 0.005 | 0.346 ± 0.006 | 0.339 ± 0.005 | 0.0106 | 0.0532 | 0.0032 | 0.3893 | |
Definition of abbreviations: AP = anteroposterior; OSAS = obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Least squares mean and SE estimates from regression model adjusted for age at consent, race, and Tanner stage.
Analysis of variance (PANOVA).
P values for pairwise comparisons (P < 0.0167 statistically significant after Bonferroni correction), applicable when PANOVA suggests significant differences between groups.
Bonferroni-corrected significance level of PANOVA < 0.0167 (equals 0.05/3).
Bonferroni-corrected significance level of PANOVA < 0.01 (equals 0.05/5).
Bonferroni-corrected significance level of PANOVA < 0.01 (equals 0.05/5).
Bonferroni-corrected significance level PANOVA < 0.025 (equals 0.05/2).