. 2015 Jun 1;191(11):1295–1309. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0169OC

Table 4.

Comparison of the Volumes of the Upper Airway Soft Tissue Structures between Individuals with OSAS, Obese Control Subjects, and Lean Control Subjects in All Participants

Domain	Variable (mm³)	Adjusted Mean ± SE^*			P Value^†	Pairwise Comparisons^‡
Domain	Variable (mm³)	OSAS	Obese Controls	Lean Controls	P Value^†	OSAS vs. Obese Controls	OSAS vs. Lean Controls	Obese vs. Lean Controls
Total volumes^§	Total tongue volume	105,922 ± 3,185	106,887 ± 3,427	88,044 ± 3,167	8.0 × 10⁻⁵	0.8353	0.0001	0.0001
	Soft palate volume	8,916 ± 410	9,271 ± 455	8,281 ± 392	0.2571	—	—	—
	Total lateral wall volume	27,627 ± 997	23,486 ± 1,091	19,506 ± 972	4.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.0056	6.7 × 10⁻⁸	0.0090
	Fat pad volume	6,096 ± 351	5,421 ± 384	3,649 ± 335	7.6 × 10⁻⁶	0.1932	2.1 × 10⁻⁶	0.0010
	Pterygoid volume	20,170 ± 800	18,497 ± 885	15,954 ± 774	0.0013	0.1595	0.0003	0.0370
	Epiglottis volume	1,312 ± 82	1,319 ± 90	1,210 ± 79	0.5933	—	—	—
Partial volumes^║	Genioglossus volume	77,064 ± 2,643	80,855 ± 2,888	66,667 ± 2,546	0.0012	0.3302	0.0060	0.0005
	Tongue fat volume (Dixon)	21,100 ± 1,505	25,061 ± 1,496	18,525 ± 1,327	0.0069	0.0671	0.1966	0.0017
	Other tongue volume	28,783 ± 1,125	26,133 ± 1,210	22,231 ± 1,118	0.0004	0.1082	8.6 × 10⁻⁵	0.0225
	RP lateral wall volume	16,778 ± 690	13,538 ± 754	11,860 ± 666	6.2 × 10⁻⁶	0.0018	1.6 × 10⁻⁶	0.1063
	RG lateral wall volume	10,854 ± 594	9,962 ± 650	7,618 ± 579	0.0007	0.3093	0.0002	0.0010
	Lateral wall volume: tonsils	17,853 ± 737	16,368 ± 778	13,180 ± 694	4.9 × 10⁻⁵	0.1657	1.2 × 10⁻⁵	0.0036

Definition of abbreviations: OSAS = obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; RP = retropalatal; RG = retroglossal.

Least squares mean and SE estimates from regression model adjusted for age at consent, race, Tanner stage, and sex.

^{^†}

Analysis of variance (P_ANOVA).

^{^‡}

P values for pairwise comparisons (P < 0.0167, indicating statistically significant after Bonferroni correction), applicable when P_ANOVA suggests significant differences between groups.

^{^§}

Bonferroni-corrected significance level of P_ANOVA < 0.0083 (equals 0.05/6).

^{^║}

Bonferroni-corrected significance level of P_ANOVA < 0.0083 (equals 0.05/6).