Table 6.
Comparisons of Global Measures of Soft Tissue Volume and Ratio of Craniofacial Volume to Space between Participants with OSAS, Obese Control Subjects, and Lean Control Subjects
| Population | Variable | Adjusted Mean ± SE* |
P Value† | Pairwise Comparisons‡ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OSAS | Obese Controls | Lean Controls | OSAS vs. Obese Controls | OSAS vs. Lean Controls | Obese vs. Lean Controls | |||
| All participants | Total soft tissue (TST), mm3 | 180,962 ± 4,964 | 172,351 ± 5,243 | 142,223 ± 4,905 | 7.5 × 10−7 | 0.2303 | 2.9 × 10−7 | 8.0 × 10−5 |
| CF space, mm3 | 340,372 ± 10,780 | 362,261 ± 11,519 | 317,673 ± 10,391 | 0.0236 | 0.1669 | 0.1361 | 0.0064 | |
| TST:CF space ratio | 0.534 ± 0.013 | 0.483 ± 0.014 | 0.449 ± 0.013 | 0.0001 | 0.0099 | 2.6 × 10−5 | 0.1019 | |
| Boys | Total soft tissue (TST), mm3 | 187,552 ± 5,593 | 186,469 ± 6,000 | 152,428 ± 5,515 | 3.2 × 10−5 | 0.8965 | 4.4 × 10−5 | 0.0001 |
| CF space, mm3 | 346,919 ± 13,178 | 377,695 ± 14,363 | 330,857 ± 12,220 | 0.0603 | — | — | — | |
| TST:CF space ratio | 0.540 ± 0.017 | 0.508 ± 0.018 | 0.460 ± 0.017 | 0.0073 | 0.2165 | 0.0019 | 0.0680 | |
| Girls | Total soft tissue (TST), mm3 | 166,282 ± 5,521 | 152,459 ± 5,525 | 125,625 ± 5,267 | 2.9 × 10−5 | 0.0881 | 6.9 × 10−6 | 0.0019 |
| CF space, mm3 | 321,176 ± 17,399 | 339,667 ± 17,918 | 293,499 ± 17,231 | 0.2196 | — | — | — | |
| TST:CF space ratio | 0.521 ± 0.018 | 0.462 ± 0.019 | 0.429 ± 0.018 | 0.0032 | 0.0347 | 0.0009 | 0.2453 | |
Definition of abbreviations: CF = craniofacial; OSAS = obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; TST = total soft tissue volume.
*
Least squares mean and SE estimates from regression model adjusted for age at consent, race, Tanner stage, and sex (in all patients only).
†
Analysis of variance (PANOVA).
‡
P values for pairwise comparisons (P < 0.0167, indicating statistically significant after Bonferroni correction), applicable when PANOVA suggests significant differences between groups.