Post-prandial arterial concentrations after intra-gastric administration of control salt solution (Control), synthetic XPP’s (XPP), casein hydrolysate rich in XPP (CasH) and spiked CasH (CasH + XPP). A: Isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP). B: Leucine-proline-proline (LPP). C: Valine-proline-proline (VPP). Respective number of observations for Control, XPP, CasH and CasH +XPP are for graph A: n = 9, 10, 9 and 10; graph B: n = 10, 10, 9 and 10; graph C: n = 8, 10, 9 and 10. Values are mean ± SEM. Statistics: repeated measures two-way ANOVA, mixed model, planned comparisons. All curves are significantly different from the XPP mixture: effect test mixture p<0.001; effect time p<0.001; interaction p<0.001.