Fig 1. Conceptual overview of thematic factors that influence medication administration errors, workflow, interruptions and distractions associated with the hospital medication administration process.

There are three over-arching interlinked themes: structure, behaviour, and patient interactions that encompass the six main areas (numbered). Arrows indicate the direction of influence between areas. Dotted lines indicate the presence of the observer as an artefact of the research directly on nursing staff behaviour, and on interruptions and distractions.