Table 3. Experiment 1: Results from a 3 (sound sequence) × 2 (valence) repeated-measures ANOVA on stimulus ratings, reaction times (RT), and phasic sympathetic arousal as estimated from skin conductance responses (SCR); and from a one-way ANOVA on tonic sympathetic arousal as estimated from spontaneous fluctuations (SF) in skin conductance.
| Rating | Valence | F (1,56) = 1101.8 | η2 = .952 | p < .001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unpredictable vs. predictable | predictable vs. silence | ||||||
| Sound | F (1,56) = 3.0 | η2 = .051 | p = .09 | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .002 | n.s. | |
| Valence x Sound | F (1,56) = 7.4 | η2 = .117 | p < .01 | F (1,56) = 1.7 | η2 = .952 | n.s. | |
| RT | Valence | F (1,56) = 21.9 | η2 = .282 | p < .001 | |||
| unpredictable vs. predictable | predictable vs. silence | ||||||
| Sound | F (1,56) = 1.7 | η2 = .020 | n. s. | F (1,56) = 2.3 | η2 = .040 | n.s. | |
| Valence x Sound | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .004 | n. s. | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .003 | n.s. | |
| SCR | Valence | F (1,56) = 21.5 | η2 = .277 | p < .001 | |||
| unpredictable vs. predictable | predictable vs. silence | ||||||
| Sound | F (1,56) = 6.0 | η2 = .096 | p < .05 | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .003 | n.s. | |
| Valence x Sound | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .000 | n.s. | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .000 | n.s. | |
| SF | unpredictable vs. predictable | predictable vs. silence | |||||
| Sound | F (1,56) = 1.2 | η2 = .022 | n.s. | F (1,56) < 1 | η2 = .008 | n.s. | |
For the sound factor, only the a priori contrasts unpredictable vs. predictable and predictable vs. silence are tested.