may have many causes including a few depicted here: Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS), Congenital infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Rubella, mitochondrial leukoencephalopathies, Megalencephalic leukodystrophy with cysts – (MLC) and antenatal onset vanishing white matter with eIF2B mutations. In addition, reported cases include, cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly due to RNASET2 mutations and various types of congenital muscular dystrophies (FCMD, Walker Warburg syndrome, MDC1D).