Table III.
Transporter | Modality | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PET | SPECT | MRI | NIR | BLI | ||
ABC superfamily | P-gp | [11C]-Daunorubicin (43) [11C]-N-Desmethyl-loperamide (48) [11C]-Elacridar (49,50) [11C]-Gefitinib (51) [11C]-Imatinib (10) [11C]-Paclitaxel (10) [11C]-Tariquidar (52) [11C]-Topotecan (53) [11C]-Verapamil (29) |
[99mTc]-Sestamibi (44,45) [99mTc]-Tetrofosmin (44) |
Rhodamine 800 (46) | Coelenterazine (47) | |
BCRP | [11C]-Elacridar (49,50) [11C]-Gefitinib (51) [11C]-Imatinib (10) [11C]-Tariquidar (52) [11C]-Topotecan (53) |
d-Luciferin (54) Coelenterazine (55) |
||||
MRPs | [11C]-Paclitaxel (10) | [99mTc]-Sestamibi (56) [99mTc]-Tetrofosmin (45) |
BOPTA (57) EOB-DTPA (59) |
ICG (58) | ||
SLC superfamily | OATPs | [11C]-Rosuvastatin (60) [11C]-Telmisartan (10) [11C]-TIC (10) |
[99mTc]-MAG3 (61) [99mTc]-Mebrofenin (63) [99mTc]-PMT (66) |
BOPTA (57) EOB-DTPA (64) |
ICG (62) IR-783 (65) MHI-148 (65,67) |
|
OATs | [11C]-Topotecan (53) | [99mTc]-MAG3 (61) | ||||
OCTs | [123I]-MIBG (10) | |||||
NTs | [18F]-FLT (68) | |||||
LATs | [18F]-FACBC (21) |
ABC adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, BCRP breast cancer resistance protein, BLI bioluminescence imaging, BOPTA gadobenate dimeglumine, EOB-DTPA gadoxetate dimeglumine, [ 18 F]-FACBC [18F]-1-amino-3-fluorine 18-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid, [ 18 F]-FLT [18F]-3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine, ICG indocyanine green, LATs system L transporters, [ 99m Tc]-MAG3 [99mTc]-mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine, [ 123 I]-MIBG [123I]- metaiodobenzylguanidine, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, MRPs multidrug resistance-associated proteins, NIR near infrared, NTs nucleoside transporters, OATs organic anion transporters, OATPs organic anion transporting polypeptides, OCTs organic cation transporters, P-gp P-glycoprotein, PET positron emission tomography, [ 99m Tc]-PMT [99mTc]-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan, SLC solute carrier, SPECT single photon emission computed tomography