Table 2.
Selected Nrf2 target gene candidates in human associated with defence against oxidative stress and age-related diseases.
| Target gene | Function/role in defence against oxidative stress | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Nrf2 | Transcription factor, activator of detoxifying enzymes (autoregulation) | [73] |
| AhR | Regulator of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes | [74] |
| HO-1 | Cytoprotection, catabolize heme | [75] |
| GSTP1 | Antioxidant enzyme, xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme | [76] |
| NQO1 | Antioxidant enzyme, xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme | [77–79] |
| CBR3 | Metabolizing enzyme of carbonyl compounds | [80] |
| UGT1A8, A10 | Glucuronidation of xenobiotics | [81] |
| GCS | Glutathione biosynthesis | [82] |
| TRX | Antioxidant enzyme, protein redox regulation | [83] |
| SLC7A11 | Transports cysteine, a precursor of antioxidant glutathione | [52, 84] |
| SLC48A1 | Heme transporter | [85] |
| AMBP | Heme binding, free radical scavenger | [72] |
| [85] | ||
| ABCB6 | Mitochondrial porphyrin (heme) transporter | [85] |
| FECH | Heme biosynthesis, chelates ferrous iron | [72, 85] |
| TBXAS1 | Thromboxane A2 synthesis (cytochrome P450 family) | [85] |
| IL-6 | Inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine | [52, 86] |
| Bcl-2 | Antiapoptotic protein | [87] |
| p62 | Adaptor protein, proteasomal clearance, autophagy | [52, 66] |
ABCB6: ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 6, AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMBP: α1-microglobulin/bikunin, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 protein, CBR3: carbonyl reductase 3, FECH: ferrochelatase, GCS: γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, GSTP1: glutathione S-transferase pi, HO-1: heme oxygenase-1, IL-6: interleukin-6, NQO1: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, Nrf2: nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2, p62: sequestosome 1, SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7, member 11, SLC48A1: solute carrier family 48, member 1, TBXAS1: thromboxane A synthase 1, TRX: thioredoxin, and UGTs: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.