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Effect of incubation with 30 mM glucose on the expression of aldose reductase (a) and PARP-1 (b) after several incubation times. Effect of addition of flavonoids (compared to high glucose incubation) after 24 hours incubation is shown in (c) (aldose reductase) and (d) (PARP-1). Data are expressed as mean ± standard error from three independent experiments. ∗ P < 0.05 compared to normal glucose incubation; ∗∗ P < 0.05 compared to incubation with high glucose alone.
