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. 2015 Jun 23;16:38. doi: 10.1186/s12868-015-0173-3

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© Naik et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effects of CSE on Phase I detoxification genes. HCMEC/D3 cells were exposed to nicotine or CSE from different products (see “Methods”). Effects of CSE and nicotine on NQO-1 mRNA and protein expression were characterized by: a1 gene array analysis; a2 real-time RT-PCR; b immunofluorescence and western blot analyses of NQO-1 protein. Representative western blots were shown with actin as a loading control. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (fold change over control). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001 vs. control. n = 6/biological replicates/condition.