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. 2015 Jun 23;16:38. doi: 10.1186/s12868-015-0173-3

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© Naik et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effects of CSE exposure (24 h) on BBB endothelial gene and protein expression of HMOX1. a Several genes belonging to HMOX-1 and heme recycling were up-regulated following CSE exposure of TS products. Nicotine did not produce any change in these genes; b real time RT-PCR showed up-regulation of HMOX-1 protein expression following exposure to full flavor, and ULN CSEs; c western blot analyses of cellular membrane fractions corroborate with mRNA changes showing statistically significant up-regulation in protein expression; representative western blots were shown with actin as a loading control; d immunofluorescence analysis of HMOX1 expression. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (fold change over control). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 vs. control. n = 6 biological replicates/condition.