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The involvement of MMPs, HPSE, and HPSE2 in ECM degradation and cancer cell invasion. MMPs are capable of degrading all kinds of ECM proteins. HPSE degrades heparan sulfate (HS), which is present in the ECM in the form of proteoglycans. HPSE2 lacks HS-degrading activity but remains high affinity towards HS. Abnormal ECM dynamics lead to deregulated cancer cell proliferation and invasion
