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. 2015 Jun 23;5:11542. doi: 10.1038/srep11542

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a) TMs with perforations showed high expression of INGβ1 and CK 19 on the first day, (b) 1 week, (c) 3 weeks, (d) 6 weeks, (e) 9 weeks after completing the whole 7-day procedure for chronic perforations. The completely healed TMs showed low expression of INGβ1 and CK 19 at 6 weeks and 9 weeks after the chronic perforation procedure. 1, 5; annulus, 3; malleus handle, 4; pars tensa, 2; perforation site.