Table 3.
Adjusted association of diet quality, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors on childhood overweight or obesity, odds ratio (95 % confidence intervals)
| N (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | Lifestyle factors | Parental factor | |||||
| Overweight 1565 (19.3) | Obese 531 (6.6) | Overweight | Obese | Overweight | Obese | ||
| OR (95 % CI) | |||||||
| DQS | Q1 (Highest DQ) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.99 (0.79 1.23) | 1.33 (0.86 2.04) | 0.98 (0.79 1.23) | 1.27 (0.83 1.94) | 0.92 (0.72 1.17) | 1.10 (0.70 1.72) | |
| Q3 | 1.08 (0.85 1.36) | 1.57 (1.03 2.41) | 1.07 (0.85 1.36) | 1.52 (0.99 2.33) | 1.04 (0.80 1.34) | 1.31 (0.83 2.06) | |
| Q4 | 0.95 (0.75 1.20) | 1.36 (0.90 2.06) | 0.93 (0.74 1.18) | 1.23 (0.81 1.88) | 0.88 (0.68 1.14) | 1.13 (0.72 1.75) | |
| Q5 (Lowest DQ) | 1.01 (0.79 1.27) | 1.81 (1.21 2.72) | 0.99 (0.78 1.25) | 1.56 (1.03 2.37) | 0.91 (0.71 1.17) | 1.32 (0.85 2.04) | |
| Gender | Boys | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Girls | 1.47 (1.28 1.69) | 1.57 (1.24 1.97) | 1.43 (1.24 1.65) | 1.41 (1.11 1.79) | 1.44 (1.24 1.67) | 1.39 (1.08 1.79) | |
| Parent education | |||||||
| Third level | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Non-degree | 1.20 (0.97 1.47) | 1.88 (1.19 2.96) | 1.20 (0.97 1.47) | 1.79 (1.13 2.84) | 1.15 (0.93 1.43) | 2.11 (1.36 3.27) | |
| Higher second level | 1.23 (1.01 1.50) | 1.92 (1.27 2.90) | 1.22 (1.00 1.49) | 1.78 (1.17 2.70) | 1.20 (0.97 1.47) | 2.15 (1.48 3.14) | |
| <= Lower secondary level | 1.42 (1.14 1.78) | 3.01 (1.98 4.58) | 1.41 (1.13 1.77) | 2.70 (1.78 4.09) | 1.26 (0.99 1.59) | 2.78 (1.89 4.10) | |
| Physical Activity | 9 days or more | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 6–8 days | 1.06 (0.89 1.26) | 1.45 (1.08 1.95) | 1.06 (0.89 1.28) | 1.47 (1.07 2.02) | |||
| 3–5 days | 1.40 (1.16 1.68) | 2.23 (1.63 3.04) | 1.38 (1.14 1.67) | 2.25 (1.64 3.09) | |||
| 1–2 days | 1.08 (0.77 1.51) | 2.51 (1.59 3.96) | 1.09 (0.76 1.55) | 2.28 (1.38 3.76) | |||
| None | 1.18 (0.74 1.87) | 4.34 (2.54 7.42) | 1.20 (0.75 1.92) | 4.57 (2.61 8.00) | |||
| Television viewing | Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate | 1.11 (0.93 1.33) | 1.51 (1.09 2.11) | 1.05 (0.87 1.26) | 1.38 (0.97 1.93) | |||
| High | 1.47 (1.13 1.92) | 1.81 (1.16 2.82) | 1.38 (1.05 1.83) | 1.71 (1.08 2.71) | |||
| Parent Body Mass Index category | Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Overweight | 1.76 (1.48 2.08) | 3.51 (2.52 4.90) | |||||
| Obese | 2.60 (2.12 3.16) | 6.48 (4.59 9.14) | |||||
Reference categories: child BMI (dependant variable): normal weight, Reference category (independent variables): DQS Q1 (Highest diet quality), gender = Male, parent’s education = third level, PA = 9 days or more PA, T.V. viewing = Low (0 to <1 h), parent’s BMI = normal weight
Model 1 adjusted for child gender and parent’s education, Model 2 adjusted Model 1, child’s PA level, and T.V. viewing, Model 3 adjusted for Models 1 and 2 and parent’s BMI category