Table 1.
Sample characteristics at initial assessment as a function of IVR caller group
| Non-callers (n = 17) |
Infrequent callers (n = 42) |
Frequent callers (n = 28) |
Test Statistic | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | (SD) | % | M | (SD) | % | M | (SD) | % | |||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||||
| Male | 82.4 | 47.6 | 75.0 | χ2(2) = 8.74 | .013 | ||||||
| Female | 17.6 | 52.4 | 25.0 | ||||||||
| White | 41.2 | 47.6 | 57.1 | χ2(2) = 1.18 | ns | ||||||
| Other race/ethnicity | 58.8 | 52.4 | 42.9 | ||||||||
| Married/partnered | 47.1 | 28.6 | 51.8 | χ2(2) = 4.23 | ns | ||||||
| Employed full- or part-time | 52.9 | 45.2 | 48.1 | χ2(2) = 0.29 | ns | ||||||
| Age (years) | 40.82 | (15.21) | 44.64 | (9.47) | 52.82 | (10.36) | F(2. 84) = 7.40 | .001 | |||
| Years of education | 13.35 | (1.84) | 13.60 | (2.70) | 15.09 | (3.50) | F(2, 83) = 2.88 | .062 | |||
| Drinking history | |||||||||||
| Problem duration (years) | 11.44 | (8.39) | 17.40 | (10.62) | 18.66 | (12.20) | F(2, 80) = 2.55 | .084 | |||
| Alcohol Dependence Scale | 18.81 | (9.23) | 18.48 | (8.15) | 17.61 | (11.33) | F(2, 83) = 0.10 | ns | |||
| Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test | 13.41 | (3.97) | 13.05 | (3.38) | 11.93 | (4.22) | F(2, 83) = 1.05 | ns | |||
| Drinking Practices Scale | 20.06 | (9.74) | 17.98 | (8.33) | 16.50 | (10.23) | F(2, 83) = 0.78 | ns | |||
| Resolved abstinent (initial status) | 64.7 | 83.3 | 85.7 | χ2(2) = 3.40 | ns | ||||||
| Resolved non-abstinent | 35.3 | 16.7 | 14.3 | ||||||||
| Pre-resolution year drinking practices (TLFB) | |||||||||||
| % heavy drinking days | 75.75 | (30.41) | 56.03 | (40.12) | 43.98 | (37.79) | F(2, 84) = 3.76 | .028 | |||
| Quantity/drinking day (ml ethanol) | 243.40 | (155.72) | 184.39 | (108.99) | 175.02 | (126.41) | F(2, 84) = 1.78 | ns | |||
| Current tobacco use | 76.9 | 74.19 | 35.0 | χ2(2) = 9.42 | .009 | ||||||
| Behavioral economic measures | |||||||||||
| Discounting rate (log k) | −5.15 | (2.34) | −4.60 | (1.86) | −5.75 | (2.52) | F(2, 81) = 2.27 | .110 | |||
| Total income (dollars) | 41,971 | (27,652) | 32,646 | (30,807) | 77,597 | (81,673) | F(2, 84) = 6.35 | .003 | |||
| Discretionary expenditures (DE) | 18,224 | (12,926) | 11,556 | (7,755) | 16,945 | (13,710) | F(2, 84) = 3.15 | .048 | |||
| Proportion DE on alcohol (A/DE) | 0.25 | (0.17) | 0.29 | (0.25) | 0.26 | (0.27) | F(2, 84) = 0.17 | ns | |||
| Proportion DE on savings (S/DE) | 0.06 | (0.15) | 0.01 | (0.04) | 0.07 | (0.16) | F(2, 84) = 2.62 | .079 | |||
| ASDE index | 0.19 | (0.27) | 0.28 | (0.26) | 0.19 | (0.35) | F(2, 84) = 0.95 | ns | |||
Note. Reward k-parameters and total income log-transformed for analysis. P-values are from one-way analyses of variance or chi-square tests comparing the three IVR utilization groups; ns = non-significant with p > .10. TLFB = Timeline Followback interview. DE = sum of dollars spent in pre-resolution year on discretionary commodities (e.g., entertainment, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, gifts, savings; see text); the proportion of DE spent on alcoholic beverages (A/DE) or put into savings (S/DE) could vary from 0 (no spending) to 1.0 (all discretionary spending allocated to either alcohol or savings). ASDE = Alcohol/Savings Discretionary Expenditure index computed as [(A/DE) – (S/DE)]. Values could range from 1.0 to −1.0 (1.0 = all DE for alcoholic beverages and −1.0 = all DE were for saving money; 0 = equal proportions of DE for alcohol and savings).