Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the intention-to-treat population
| Lifestyle management (n=59) | Gastric bypass (n=60) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49 (8) | 49 (9) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | · · | · · |
| Female | 34 (57%) | 38 (63%) |
| Ethnic origin | ||
| White | 30 (51%) | 33 (55%) |
| East Asian | 17 (29%) | 16 (27%) |
| Black | 6 (10%) | 5 (8%) |
| Hispanic | 4 (7%) | 4 (7%) |
| Native American | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) |
| Other | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34·3 (3·1) | 34·9 (3·0) |
| BMI 30·0–34·9 kg/m2 | 35 (59%) | 36 (60%) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 113 (12) | 114 (10) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 132 (14) | 127 (15) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79 (10) | 78 (12) |
| Years since diagnosis of diabetes | 9·1 (5·7) | 8·9 (6·1) |
| Laboratory measurements | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 9·6% (1·2) | 9·6% (1·0) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 81·4 (13·1) | 81·4 (10·9) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2·7 (1·1) | 2·7 (0·9) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1·1 (0·2) | 1·1 (0·03) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2·2 (0·9) | 2·1 (0·9) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4·9 (1·2) | 4·7 (1·0) |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 69·8 (16·8) | 71·6 (17·7) |
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1·0 (0·5) | 0·9 (0·5) |
| Post-meal C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1·6 (0·7) | 1·4 (0·7) |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 11·4 (2·9) | 11·9 (3·2) |
| Concomitant medicines | ||
| Insulin | 25 (42%) | 37 (62%) |
| Other glycaemia medicines | 56 (95%) | 52 (87%) |
| Medicines for dyslipidaemia | 40 (68%) | 39 (65%) |
| Antihypertensives | 43 (73%) | 41 (68%) |
| Number of medicines for control of glycaemia, dyslipidaemia and blood pressure | 4·4 (1·5) | 4·1 (1·9) |
Data are number (%) or mean (SD).