Table 4.
Biochemical abnormalities and nutritional deficiencies associated with the interventions
| Lifestyle and medical management (n=59) |
Gastric bypass (n=60) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At baseline | Baseline to 12 months | 12–24 months | At baseline | Baseline to 12 months | 12–24 months | |
| Blood haemoglobin <55 mmol/L | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (9%) |
| Serum abnormalities | ||||||
| Low ferritin | 2 (3%) | 4 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 8 (14%) | 11 (20%)* |
| Low albumin | 1 (2%) | 5 (9%) | 3 (6%) | 4 (7%) | 14 (25%)† | 8 (14%) |
| Low vitamin B1‡ | 1 (2%) | · · | · · | 5 (11%) | 12 (31%) | 3 (8%) |
| Low serum vitamin B12 | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Low calcium | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (5%) | 11 (19%)† | 8 (14%)† |
| High parathyroid hormone§ | 3 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%)§ | 4 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 10 (17%)† |
| Low vitamin D¶ | 21 (49%) | 22 (66%) | 17 (50%) | 31 (70%) | 24 (59%) | 21 (53%) |
| Vitamin D¶ <6·7 nmol/L | 12 (28%) | 6 (15%) | 5 (15%) | 15 (34%) | 11 (27%) | 7 (18%) |
| Total number of abnormalities, excluding low vitamin B1‡ | 18 (31%) | 21 (38%) | 14 (28%) | 29 (48%) | 49 (86%) | 49 (88%) |
p<0·01 for treatment difference.
p<0·05 for treatment difference.
Vitamin B1 was not assayed for patients in Taiwan or after baseline for patients receiving lifestyle and medical management.
One participant was confirmed to have primary hyperparathyroidism.
25-hydroxy vitamin D; vitamin D was not assayed for patients in Taiwan.
Participants were counted in both timeperiods if an abnormality persisted; we determined the results in the clinical laboratories at each study site; unless otherwise specified, we determined abnormalities on the basis of the local laboratory's reference range; not all participants had all tests. Different denominator numbers were available for each test.