Table 2.

Definition of ecological groups, acronyms used, and key indicator taxa, identified through fossil pollen analysis and used to reconstruct past vegetation dynamics (for a complete list of fossil pollen grains and spores counted, see Table S2 in Supporting Information; and for authorities on species listed in this manuscript, refer to Coode et al. (1996) and other publications referenced for ecological group classification)

Ecological group	Name	Explanation	Major plant taxa
PSF	Peat swamp forest	Mature taxa of peat swamp forest, assumed to grow in old-growth forest	Combretocarpus (Anisophyllaceae), Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae), Stemonurus (Stemonuraceae)
PSF+	Peat swamp forest – pioneers	Pioneer taxa of peat swamp forest, indicating an early successional plant community	Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae), Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae), Ficus (Moraceae)
DP	Degraded peat	Taxa not found in older-growth peat swamp forest or in greater abundance in disturbed areas of peat where the vegetation is open	Dillenia (Dilleniaceae), Poikilospermum (Urticaceae)
CV	Coastal vegetation	Coastal vegetation associated with succession to peat from mangrove/littoral habitat types	Oncosperma (Arecaceae), Sonnneratia (Sonneratiaceae)
OF	Other forest	Other forest (non-peat swamp forest) taxa, for example swamp forest or forest on mineral soils	Terminalia (Combretaceae), Rubus (Rosaceae)
OP	Open vegetation	Disturbance tolerant vegetation indicative of open environments greater than tree-fall gaps, not included in pollen sum	Monoletes, Triletes, Poaceae, Cyperaceae