Fig 2. Maximum-likelihood estimate of Ascosphaera species based on ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 DNA sequences.

Numbers above nodes represent bootstrap proportions; numbers below nodes represent posterior probabilities. Values below 50% have been removed to enhance readability and interpretation. Sequences from this study are indicated by sample location code and nest number; sequences from dead larvae have an asterisk (*). Colors indicate fungal life history (and possible pathogenicity); red: pathogenic, blue: saprophytic, black: unknown. Circles indicate host family; black circles: found in nests of Megachilidae, gray circles: found in nests of Colletidae, open circles: found in colonies of Apidae. Host and pathogenicity from references [24,28–31,65–67]. Ascosphaera naganensis, a species whose holotype was collected from Osmia cornifrons in its native range in Japan, is indicated by an arrow.