Table 2.

Association between screening positive for moderate/severe alcohol misuse, or heavy episodic drinking and the risk of major bleeding, among warfarin therapy patients

Alcohol use definition	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
	All major bleeds (N = 265)		Gastrointestinal major bleeds (N = 117)		Other major bleeds (N = 148)
	Unadjusted	Adjusted*	Unadjusted	Adjusted*	Unadjusted	Adjusted*
Moderate/severe alcohol misuse by AUDIT-C score^	1.39 (0.83–2.32)	2.10 (1.08–4.07)	1.26 (0.67–2.35)	1.80 (0.78–4.16)	1.37 (0.75–2.50)	1.94 (0.86–4.38)
Heavy episodic drinking#	1.78 (1.08–2.95)	2.36 (1.24–4.50)	1.67 (0.92–3.06)	3.24 (1.44–7.33)	1.73 (0.96–3.10)	1.73 (0.77–3.86)

^{^}AUDIT-C score of ≥5 versus those with AUDIT-C score <5.

^#Report of 5+ drinks in one occasion on AUDIT-C item #3.

^*Multivariate model adjusted for: genetic status, race (white/other), duration of therapy (continuous), age (continuous), gender, warfarin indication (atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, other clotting event, heart valve replacement, myocardial infarction, joint replacement, CABG), regular acetaminophen use, regular NSAID use, care setting (anticoagulation clinic/other setting), and annual household income (<$25 000, $25 000–$49 999, $50 000–$74 999, $75 000–$99 999, and $100 000+).