. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014 Winter;28(1):6–27. doi: 10.11607/jop.1151

Table 8.

Clinical and Research Applications of Selected DC/TMD Axis I and Axis II Tests

	Axis I: Physical diagnosis		Axis II: Psychosocial status
	Pain diagnoses	Joint diagnoses	Distress and pain disability
Application	Clinical or research		Clinical	Clinical or research
Screening test	TMD pain screener	DC/TMD for disc displacements, degenerative joint disease, and sublaxation	PHQ-4 and GCPS	PHQ-9, GAD-7, PHQ-15, and GCPS
Confirmatory test	DC/TMD for myalgia, arthralgia, and headache attributed to TMD	Imaging: MRI for disc displacements, CT for degenerative joint disease, and panoramic radiographs, MRI, or CT for sublaxation	Consultation with mental health provider	Structured psychiatric or behavioral medicine interview

Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15).