Table 6.

Regression Models with Alternative Hearing Indices for Trail Making Test Part A

	Model 1			Model 2
Hearing Index	β	95% CI	t	β	95% CI	t
Three Frequency PTA: Left Ear
PTA Left	-	-	-	.109	.09 – .34	3.391^***
Age	.312	1.14 – 1.66	10.399^***	.271	.93 – 1.50	8.424^***
Race	−.313	−31.95 – −21.64	−10.201^***	−.315	−32.06 – −21.81	−10.313^***
Sex	.112	2.85 – 9.32	3.688^***	.096	1.95 – 8.47	3.139^**
Education	−.159	2.18 – −1.00	−5.261^***	−.151	−2.09 – −.91	−4.999^***
Diabetes	.046	−1.01 – −8.04	1.524	.045	−1.10 – 7.90	1.484
Hypertension	.037	−1.26 – 5.25	1.205	.029	−1.67 – 4.81	.952
Stroke	−.015	−6.56 – 3.98	−.482	−.015	−6.56 – 3.92	−.495
Heart Disease	−.029	−6.43 – 2.30	−.928	−.022	−5.95 – 2.75	−.720
CES-D	.085	.10 – .55	2.816^**	.082	.09 – .54	2.721^**
R²		.234			.244
Δ R ²		.234			.010

Three Frequency PTA: Right Ear
PTA Right	-	-	-	.037	−.05 – .20	1.158
Age	.313	1.14 – 1.67	10.411^***	.298	1.05 – 1.62	9.141^***
Race	−.313	−31.93 – −21.62	−10.190^***	−.313	−31.96 – −21.65	−10.202^***
Sex	.113	2.89 – 9.37	3.713^***	.110	2.72 – 9.22	3.605^***
Education	−.160	−2.18 – −1.00	−5.272^***	−.157	−2.16 – −.97	−5.172^***
Diabetes	.046	−1.03 – 8.02	1.514	.044	−1.17 – 7.89	1.454
Hypertension	.038	−1.22 – 5.29	1.230	.037	−1.28 – 5.23	1.191
Stroke	−.015	−6.59 – 3.96	−.490	−.015	−6.61 – 3.93	−.499
Heart Disease	−.029	−6.47 – 2.27	−.945	−.027	−6.36 – 2.39	−.892
CES-D	.085	.10 – .55	2.81^**	.083	.09 – .55	2.743^**
R²		.235			.236
Δ R ²		.235			.001

PTA Across Ears
PTA Across Ears	-	-	-	.081	.03 - .31	2.457^*
Age	.312	1.14 – 1.66	10.399^***	.279	.96 – 1.54	8.494^***
Race	−.313	−31.95 – −21.64	−10.201^***	−.314	−32.03 – −21.74	−10.263^***
Sex	.112	2.85 – 9.32	3.688^***	.102	2.29 – 8.80	3.344^***
Education	−.159	−2.18 – −1.00	−5.261^***	−.153	−2.12 – −.931	−5.047^***
Diabetes	.046	−1.01 – 8.04	1.524	.044	−1.20 – 7.83	1.442
Hypertension	.037	−1.26 – 5.25	1.205	.033	−1.50 – 5.00	1.057
Stroke	−.015	−6.56 – 3.98	−.482	−.015	−6.59 – 3.92	−.498
Heart Disease	−.029	−6.43 – 2.30	−.928	−.024	−6.10 –2.62	−.783
CES-D	.085	.10 – .55	2.816^**	.082	.09 – .54	2.709^**
R²		.234			.240
Δ R ²		.234			.005

p ≤ .05,

^**

p ≤ .01,

^***

p ≤ .001

Note. PTA = pure-tone average. Model 1 included known risk factors of hearing loss. Model 2 added three-frequency PTA in the left ear, three-frequency PTA in the right ear, and three-frequency PTA across both ears, respectively, after all covariates were accounted for. The β weights indicate the standard deviation change in the outcome associated with a 12 dB change in hearing.