Table 2.
Relationship between perceived risk of harm and family experiences
| Risk Groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Risk (N=330) | Risk of Harming Self Only (N=28)(SELF) | Risk of Harming Others Only (N=48)(OTHERS) | Risk of Harming Self and Others (N=28)(BOTH) | ||||
| M(SD) | M(SD) | Vs. No Risk (Adj p) | M(SD) | Vs. No Risk (Adj p) | M(SD) | Vs. No Risk (Adj p) | |
| Appraisal of the caregiving experience | |||||||
| ECI Negative Appraisal Subscales | |||||||
| ECI Difficult behavior scale | 15.2(6.3) | 19.0(5.7) | .006* | 21.2(5.7) | <.001* | 21.5(6.2) | <.001* |
| ECI Negative symptom scale | 13.3(4.9) | 14.9(4.4) | .277 | 16.3(4.7) | <.001* | 17.6(5.2) | <.001* |
| ECI Stigma scale | 5.9(3.9) | 8.0(4.1) | .026* | 7.3(4.1) | .074 | 9.1(5.2) | <.001* |
| ECI Problem with services scale | 13.5(6.8) | 17.6(6.7) | .006* | 15.9(6.7) | .065 | 19.5(6.7) | <.001* |
| ECI Effect on family scale | 11.1(5.6) | 14.6(5.5) | .004* | 14.8(4.9) | <.001* | 16.1(6.3) | <.001* |
| ECI Need to backup scale | 11.5(5.0) | 13.3(4.4) | .163 | 13.6(3.8) | .013* | 15.5(4.5) | <.001* |
| ECI Dependency scale | 10.0(4.0) | 12.9(3.6) | <.001* | 12.2(3.4) | <.001* | 14.7(3.3) | <.001* |
| ECI Loss scale | 8.3 (3.1) | 10.3(3.7) | .003* | 9.0(2.8) | .424 | 10.3(3.5) | .004* |
| ECI Negative | 88.3(27.8) | 110.7(26.2) | <.001* | 110.2(19.3) | <.001* | 124.3(29.5) | <.001* |
| ECI Positive Appraisal Subscales | |||||||
| ECI Positive personal experience | 17.1(5.7) | 18.9(5.6) | .285 | 18.6(5.2) | .236 | 18.7(5.5) | .376 |
| ECI Good aspect of relationship | 13.0(4.1) | 15.0(4.5) | .049* | 12.5(4.8) | .813 | 12.9(3.9) | .999 |
| ECI Positive | 30.1(8.3) | 33.8(8.9) | .066 | 31.0(8.0) | .830 | 31.6(8.2) | .734 |
| Emotion focused coping | |||||||
| COPE Positive scale | 11.6(3.0) | 12.1(3.0) | .713 | 12.5(2.6) | .111 | 12.0(2.8) | .825 |
| COPE Denial scale | 5.0(1.6) | 5.4(2.2) | .524 | 5.1(2.1) | .926 | 5.2(1.8) | .910 |
| COPE Religious scale | 11.2(4.6) | 12.4(4.2) | .474 | 13.0(4.0) | .041* | 11.6(5.0) | .974 |
| COPE Emotional scale | 12.0(3.3) | 12.4(3.6) | .883 | 11.9(3.4) | .995 | 11.9(3.1) | .994 |
| COPE Acceptance scale | 12.6(2.4) | 12.9(1.7) | .919 | 13.0(2.5) | .621 | 12.6(2.5) | 1.00 |
| Empowerment | |||||||
| FES family scale | 3.4(0.6) | 3.4(0.6) | .973 | 3.4(0.6) | .999 | 3.4(0.7) | .994 |
| FES service system scale | 3.0(0.9) | 3.3(0.8) | .227 | 3.5(0.8) | .003* | 3.4(0.7) | .062 |
| FES community scale | 2.4(0.8) | 2.6(0.7) | .613 | 2.5(0.8) | .726 | 2.6(0.8) | .299 |
| Subjective burden | |||||||
| FEIS worry scale | 2.4(0.8) | 2.8(0.8) | .058 | 2.8(0.8) | .003* | 3.1(0.9) | <.001* |
| FEIS displeasure scale | 2.7(0.8) | 3.0(1.0) | .315 | 3.1(0.9) | .008* | 3.2(1.0) | .023* |
| Psychological distress | |||||||
| CESD | 8.3(7.3) | 12.7(9.6) | .012* | 11.2(7.6) | .038* | 11.9(7.7) | .044* |
| BSI-GSI | 50.8(9.4) | 57.6(9.4) | <.001* | 55.1(10.4) | .012* | 55.8(10.6) | .023* |
| Family functioning | |||||||
| FAD general functioning scale | 2.1(0.5) | 2.2(0.5) | .706 | 2.2(0.5) | .576 | 2.2(0.7) | .802 |
| FAD problem solving scale | 2.2(0.5) | 2.2(0.4) | .963 | 2.3(0.5) | .562 | 2.2(0.6) | 1.00 |
| Family communication | |||||||
| FPSC affirming communication | 10.9(2.7) | 11.0(2.0) | .989 | 9.7(3.5) | .029* | 10.3(3.4) | .598 |
| FPSC incendiary communication | 5.5(3.1) | 6.5(2.6) | .286 | 7.3(3.2) | <.001* | 6.0(3.5) | .733 |
| Objective burden | |||||||
| Daily living assistance | 1.0(0.9) | 1.6(0.9) | .001* | 1.8(1.0) | <.001* | 2.1(0.9) | <.001* |
| Supervision | 0.3(0.5) | 0.7(0.7) | .018* | 1.2(1.0) | <.001* | 1.4(0.8) | <.001* |
| Health | |||||||
| SF12 Physical scale | 51.5(9.4) | 48.5(13.8) | .323 | 50.3(11.2) | .838 | 54.9(9.2) | .237 |
| SF12 Mental health | 46.0(10.8) | 39.5(11.8) | .010* | 41.1(12.0) | .013* | 37.3(11.2) | <.001* |
*
p ≤.05